BACKGROUND: More than 40 million people live in onchocerciasis-endemic areas in Nigeria. For at least 19 y, mass drug administration (MDA) with ivermectin was implemented with at least 65% total population coverage in Kaduna, Kebbi and Zamfara states. Impact surveys done using skin biopsies yielded no infections. Serological and entomological assessments were undertaken to determine if onchocerciasis transmission had been interrupted and MDA could be stopped. METHODS: The presence of onchocerciasis-specific immunoglobulin G4 antibody was measured by enzyme=linked immunosorbent assay conducted on dried blood spots collected from 5- to 9-year-old children resident in each state. O-150 polymerase chain reaction testing of Simulium damnosum s.l. heads for Onchocerca volvulus DNA was done on black flies collected by human landing capture and Esperanza window traps. RESULTS: A total of 9078 children were surveyed across the three states. A total of 6139 vectors were collected from Kaduna state, 129 from Kebbi state and 2 from Zamfara state; all were negative. Kebbi and Zamfara states did thousands of hours of black fly catching and intensive river prospecting. The resulting low fly catch was due to a low fly population incapable of sustaining transmission. CONCLUSION: Onchocerciasis transmission has been interrupted and the three states meet World Health Organization thresholds: seropositivity in children <0.1% and <1/2000 infective black flies with 95% confidence. The 2.2 million people in Kaduna state and 4 million in Kebbi and Zamfara states no longer need ivermectin for onchocerciasis.
BACKGROUND: More than 40 million people live in onchocerciasis-endemic areas in Nigeria. For at least 19 y, mass drug administration (MDA) with ivermectin was implemented with at least 65% total population coverage in Kaduna, Kebbi and Zamfara states. Impact surveys done using skin biopsies yielded no infections. Serological and entomological assessments were undertaken to determine if onchocerciasis transmission had been interrupted and MDA could be stopped. METHODS: The presence of onchocerciasis-specific immunoglobulin G4 antibody was measured by enzyme=linked immunosorbent assay conducted on dried blood spots collected from 5- to 9-year-old children resident in each state. O-150 polymerase chain reaction testing of Simulium damnosum s.l. heads for Onchocerca volvulus DNA was done on black flies collected by human landing capture and Esperanza window traps. RESULTS: A total of 9078 children were surveyed across the three states. A total of 6139 vectors were collected from Kaduna state, 129 from Kebbi state and 2 from Zamfara state; all were negative. Kebbi and Zamfara states did thousands of hours of black fly catching and intensive river prospecting. The resulting low fly catch was due to a low fly population incapable of sustaining transmission. CONCLUSION: Onchocerciasis transmission has been interrupted and the three states meet World Health Organization thresholds: seropositivity in children <0.1% and <1/2000 infective black flies with 95% confidence. The 2.2 million people in Kaduna state and 4 million in Kebbi and Zamfara states no longer need ivermectin for onchocerciasis.
Authors: S N Cousens; A Cassels-Brown; I Murdoch; O E Babalola; D Jatau; N D Alexander; J E Evans; P Danboyi; A Abiose; B R Jones Journal: Bull World Health Organ Date: 1997 Impact factor: 9.408
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Authors: Moses N Katabarwa; James Katamanywa; Thomson Lakwo; Peace Habomugisha; Edson Byamukama; David Oguttu; Christine Nahabwe; Monica Ngabirano; Ephraim Tukesiga; Annet Khainza; Edridah Tukahebwa; Thomas R Unnasch; Frank O Richards; Rolf Garms Journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg Date: 2016-05-23 Impact factor: 2.345
Authors: Frank O Richards; Abel Eigege; John Umaru; Barminas Kahansim; Solomon Adelamo; Jonathan Kadimbo; Jacob Danboyi; Hayward Mafuyai; Yisa Saka; Gregory S Noland; Chukwuma Anyaike; Michael Igbe; Lindsay Rakers; Emily Griswold; Thomas R Unnasch; B E B Nwoke; Emmanuel Miri Journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg Date: 2020-03 Impact factor: 3.707