Hsin-Hsin Huang1, Kevin Sheng-Kai Ma2,3,4, Yao-Min Hung5,6, Chien-Han Tsao7,8, James Cheng-Chung Wei9,10,11, Shih-Yen Hung12, Min-You Wu1, Wei-Sheng Wen13, Yu-Hsun Wang14, Max Min Chao12. 1. Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. 2. Center for Global Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. 3. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. 4. Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, College of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. 5. Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. 6. School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. 7. Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. Q1203738@gmail.com. 8. School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. Q1203738@gmail.com. 9. School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. jccwei@gmail.com. 10. Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. jccwei@gmail.com. 11. Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. jccwei@gmail.com. 12. Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan. 13. Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. 14. Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) results from upper airway remodeling, which has been suggested to alter sensory and motor neuron function due to hypoxia or snore vibration. This study investigated whether OSA was associated with the risk of flavor disorder (FD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven thousand and eight hundred sixty-five patients with OSA and 7865 propensity score-matched controls without OSA were enrolled between 1999 and 2013 through a nationwide cohort study. The propensity score matching was based on age, sex, comorbidities including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, ankylosing spondylitis, and Charlson comorbidity index, and co-medications during the study period, including statins and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of incident FD following OSA was derived using a Cox proportional hazard model. A log-rank test was used to evaluate the time-dependent effect of OSA on FD. Age, sex, comorbidities, and co-medications were stratified to identify subgroups susceptible to OSA-associated FD. RESULTS: Patients with OSA were at a significantly great risk of FD (aHR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.08-3.38), which was time-dependent (log-rank test p = 0.013). Likewise, patients with hyperlipidemia were at a significant great risk of FD (aHR = 2.99, 95% CI = 1.33-6.69). Subgroup analysis revealed that female patients with OSA were at higher risks of FD (aHR = 2.39, 95%CI = 1.05-5.47). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with OSA were at significantly great risk of incident FD during the 15-year follow-up period, especially in female patients with OSA. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Timely interventions for OSA may prevent OSA-associated FD.
OBJECTIVE: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) results from upper airway remodeling, which has been suggested to alter sensory and motor neuron function due to hypoxia or snore vibration. This study investigated whether OSA was associated with the risk of flavor disorder (FD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven thousand and eight hundred sixty-five patients with OSA and 7865 propensity score-matched controls without OSA were enrolled between 1999 and 2013 through a nationwide cohort study. The propensity score matching was based on age, sex, comorbidities including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, ankylosing spondylitis, and Charlson comorbidity index, and co-medications during the study period, including statins and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of incident FD following OSA was derived using a Cox proportional hazard model. A log-rank test was used to evaluate the time-dependent effect of OSA on FD. Age, sex, comorbidities, and co-medications were stratified to identify subgroups susceptible to OSA-associated FD. RESULTS: Patients with OSA were at a significantly great risk of FD (aHR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.08-3.38), which was time-dependent (log-rank test p = 0.013). Likewise, patients with hyperlipidemia were at a significant great risk of FD (aHR = 2.99, 95% CI = 1.33-6.69). Subgroup analysis revealed that female patients with OSA were at higher risks of FD (aHR = 2.39, 95%CI = 1.05-5.47). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with OSA were at significantly great risk of incident FD during the 15-year follow-up period, especially in female patients with OSA. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Timely interventions for OSA may prevent OSA-associated FD.
Authors: R Heinzer; S Vat; P Marques-Vidal; H Marti-Soler; D Andries; N Tobback; V Mooser; M Preisig; A Malhotra; G Waeber; P Vollenweider; M Tafti; J Haba-Rubio Journal: Lancet Respir Med Date: 2015-02-12 Impact factor: 30.700
Authors: Paul E Peppard; Terry Young; Jodi H Barnet; Mari Palta; Erika W Hagen; Khin Mae Hla Journal: Am J Epidemiol Date: 2013-04-14 Impact factor: 4.897