Runtang Meng1,2, Tsukasa Kato3, Stefanos Mastrotheodoros4,5, Lu Dong6, Daniel Yee Tak Fong7, Fang Wang8, Menglu Cao9, Xinliang Liu10, Chenmin Yao11, Jinhong Cao12, Yong Yu13, Yi Luo14, Chuanhua Yu12,15, David Gozal16. 1. School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Rd, Yuhang District, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China. mengruntang@hznu.edu.cn. 2. School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China. mengruntang@hznu.edu.cn. 3. Department of Social Psychology, Toyo University, Tokyo, Japan. 4. Department of Psychology, University of Crete, Rethymno, Crete, Greece. 5. Department of Youth and Family, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands. 6. Department of Behavioral & Policy Sciences, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, USA. 7. School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. 8. School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China. 9. Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China. 10. School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. 11. The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China. 12. School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China. 13. School of Public Health, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China. 14. School of Nursing, Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China. 15. Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China. 16. Department of Child Health, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Sleep quality is essential to health. The current study aimed to adapt and validate the Sleep Quality Questionnaire (SQQ) into Chinese language. METHODS: The Chinese version of the SQQ (SQQ-C) was created following the guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation. Compliant with the COSMIN methodology, baseline data (N = 13,325) examined three validity domains and internal consistency, including content validity using the content validity index (CVI) and the cognitive debriefing and focus group (relevance, comprehensiveness and comprehensibility), construct validity using structural validity and cross‑sectional measurement invariance, and criterion validity using concurrent/convergent validity. Follow-up data (N = 3410) gathered within a mean of 168 (167-207) h interval were used to additionally assess longitudinal measurement invariance and test-retest reliability using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS: Scale-level CVI/Average was equal to 0.922; Item-level CVIs ranged from 0.889 to 1.000 (excellent), except for item 2 (0.556-fair). A panel of local experts and local participants during cognitive debriefing and focus group stated that it had sufficient relevance and comprehensibility but a slight deficiency in comprehensiveness. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a stable two-factor structure encompassing Daytime Sleepiness Subscale and Sleep Difficulty Subscale from baseline to follow-up data. The SQQ-C-9 (without item 2) outperformed the SQQ-C-10 (full form). The SQQ-C-9 provided evidence of measurement invariance (strict) across subgroups (cohorts, gender, and age) and across time. The SQQ-C was negatively correlated with the Chinese Nonrestorative Sleep Scale and the Chinese Sleep Condition Indicator. Cronbach's alpha (α), McDonald's Omega (ω), and ICC, respectively, ranged from 0.712 to 0.838, 0.723 to 0.840, and 0.738 to 0.764 for total scale and each subscale. CONCLUSION: The SQQ-C exhibits adequate psychometric properties and a stable two-factor structure, and should enable valuable assessments of sleep quality in clinical and research settings.
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Sleep quality is essential to health. The current study aimed to adapt and validate the Sleep Quality Questionnaire (SQQ) into Chinese language. METHODS: The Chinese version of the SQQ (SQQ-C) was created following the guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation. Compliant with the COSMIN methodology, baseline data (N = 13,325) examined three validity domains and internal consistency, including content validity using the content validity index (CVI) and the cognitive debriefing and focus group (relevance, comprehensiveness and comprehensibility), construct validity using structural validity and cross‑sectional measurement invariance, and criterion validity using concurrent/convergent validity. Follow-up data (N = 3410) gathered within a mean of 168 (167-207) h interval were used to additionally assess longitudinal measurement invariance and test-retest reliability using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS: Scale-level CVI/Average was equal to 0.922; Item-level CVIs ranged from 0.889 to 1.000 (excellent), except for item 2 (0.556-fair). A panel of local experts and local participants during cognitive debriefing and focus group stated that it had sufficient relevance and comprehensibility but a slight deficiency in comprehensiveness. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a stable two-factor structure encompassing Daytime Sleepiness Subscale and Sleep Difficulty Subscale from baseline to follow-up data. The SQQ-C-9 (without item 2) outperformed the SQQ-C-10 (full form). The SQQ-C-9 provided evidence of measurement invariance (strict) across subgroups (cohorts, gender, and age) and across time. The SQQ-C was negatively correlated with the Chinese Nonrestorative Sleep Scale and the Chinese Sleep Condition Indicator. Cronbach's alpha (α), McDonald's Omega (ω), and ICC, respectively, ranged from 0.712 to 0.838, 0.723 to 0.840, and 0.738 to 0.764 for total scale and each subscale. CONCLUSION: The SQQ-C exhibits adequate psychometric properties and a stable two-factor structure, and should enable valuable assessments of sleep quality in clinical and research settings.
Keywords:
COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments; Instrument validation; Psychometrics; Sleep Quality Questionnaire
Authors: Kannan Ramar; Raman K Malhotra; Kelly A Carden; Jennifer L Martin; Fariha Abbasi-Feinberg; R Nisha Aurora; Vishesh K Kapur; Eric J Olson; Carol L Rosen; James A Rowley; Anita V Shelgikar; Lynn Marie Trotti Journal: J Clin Sleep Med Date: 2021-10-01 Impact factor: 4.324