Samer R Khan1,2, Amber Yaqub1, M Kamran Ikram1,3, P Martin van Hagen2,4, Robin P Peeters1,5, Virgil A S H Dalm2,4, Layal Chaker1,5, M Arfan Ikram6. 1. Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 2. Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 3. Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 4. Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 5. Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 6. Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. m.a.ikram@erasmusmc.nl.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Chronic inflammation is involved in the pathophysiology of dementia, but the association of serum immunoglobulins with dementia has been understudied and longitudinal data are currently lacking. We investigated the association of serum immunoglobulin (Ig) A, G, and M with cognition and dementia in a population-based cohort. METHODS: This study was embedded in the Rotterdam Study. Participants with information on serum immunoglobulin levels, measured between 1997 and 2009, were followed for incident dementia until 2016. Assessment of cognitive function and dementia was performed according to validated tests and clinical criteria respectively. We studied the association between serum immunoglobulins with prevalent and incident dementia using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses respectively. We performed linear regression analyses to quantify the cross-sectional association of serum immunoglobulins with global cognition as well as separate cognitive tests. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, lifestyle, and cardiovascular factors. RESULTS: We included 8768 participants (median age of 62.2 years, 57% women, median follow-up 10.7 years). Overall, none of the immunoglobulins was associated with prevalent or incident dementia. Higher IgG levels were associated with lower scores of global cognition (adjusted standardized mean difference - 0.04; 95% confidence interval:- 0.06; - 0.02) and separate cognitive tests. CONCLUSION: In middle-aged and older individuals from the general population, serum Igs were not associated with prevalent or incident dementia, which may imply that serum Igs are not involved in the pathophysiology of dementia. Although higher IgG levels were associated with worse cognitive function, studies with longitudinal data should exclude reverse causation.
BACKGROUND: Chronic inflammation is involved in the pathophysiology of dementia, but the association of serum immunoglobulins with dementia has been understudied and longitudinal data are currently lacking. We investigated the association of serum immunoglobulin (Ig) A, G, and M with cognition and dementia in a population-based cohort. METHODS: This study was embedded in the Rotterdam Study. Participants with information on serum immunoglobulin levels, measured between 1997 and 2009, were followed for incident dementia until 2016. Assessment of cognitive function and dementia was performed according to validated tests and clinical criteria respectively. We studied the association between serum immunoglobulins with prevalent and incident dementia using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses respectively. We performed linear regression analyses to quantify the cross-sectional association of serum immunoglobulins with global cognition as well as separate cognitive tests. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, lifestyle, and cardiovascular factors. RESULTS: We included 8768 participants (median age of 62.2 years, 57% women, median follow-up 10.7 years). Overall, none of the immunoglobulins was associated with prevalent or incident dementia. Higher IgG levels were associated with lower scores of global cognition (adjusted standardized mean difference - 0.04; 95% confidence interval:- 0.06; - 0.02) and separate cognitive tests. CONCLUSION: In middle-aged and older individuals from the general population, serum Igs were not associated with prevalent or incident dementia, which may imply that serum Igs are not involved in the pathophysiology of dementia. Although higher IgG levels were associated with worse cognitive function, studies with longitudinal data should exclude reverse causation.
Authors: Marianne J Engelhart; Mirjam I Geerlings; John Meijer; Amanda Kiliaan; Annemieke Ruitenberg; John C van Swieten; Theo Stijnen; Albert Hofman; Jacqueline C M Witteman; Monique M B Breteler Journal: Arch Neurol Date: 2004-05
Authors: Gill Livingston; Andrew Sommerlad; Vasiliki Orgeta; Sergi G Costafreda; Jonathan Huntley; David Ames; Clive Ballard; Sube Banerjee; Alistair Burns; Jiska Cohen-Mansfield; Claudia Cooper; Nick Fox; Laura N Gitlin; Robert Howard; Helen C Kales; Eric B Larson; Karen Ritchie; Kenneth Rockwood; Elizabeth L Sampson; Quincy Samus; Lon S Schneider; Geir Selbæk; Linda Teri; Naaheed Mukadam Journal: Lancet Date: 2017-07-20 Impact factor: 202.731