Genomic Insights into Non-steroidal Nuclear Receptors in Prostate and Breast Cancer.

Alterations in transcriptional programs are a fundamental feature of prostate (PCa) and breast cancer (BrCa), and frequently target the actions of the principal steroidal nuclear receptors (NRs), namely the androgen receptor (AR) and the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), respectively. Indeed, the functions of AR and ERα are central to both prostate and mammary gland biology. The genomic interactions of these NRs become highly distorted in part by changing how they functionally interact with a cohort of non-steroidal Type II NRs, which are by contrast relatively understudied compared to their steroidal cousins. For example, the AR cistrome overlaps with cistromes of different Type II NRs, which suggests a high potential for integrated NR functions to tailor transcriptional signals. Over recent years the cistromes of these Type II NRs, including HNF4s, RARs, PPARs and VDR, have been studied in PCa and BrCa revealing convergence and functional consequences, and are reviewed in the current chapter.