Andra-Maria Cocolos1, Andrei Muresan2, Andra Caragheorgheopol2, Mircea Ghemigian3, Dumitru Ioachim4, Catalina Poiana5,6. 1. "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; andra_buruiana@yahoo.com. 2. Research Laboratory, "C. I. Parhon" National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania. 3. Department of Surgery, "C. I. Parhon" National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania. 4. Department of Pathology, "C. I. Parhon" National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania. 5. "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania. 6. Department of Pituitary and Neuroendocrine Disorders, "C. I. Parhon" National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM: Vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms are involved in a variety of biological processes including cell proliferation, apoptosis, and adhesion in malignant tumors. This study investigated whether vitamin D levels and genetic variations of VDR are risk factors for thyroid cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients who underwent surgery for differentiated thyroid carcinoma (n=113) and those with benign thyroid pathology (n=150) were genotyped for VDR gene polymorphisms (ApaI, TaqI, FokI, and BsmI) and their 25(OH)D levels were simultaneously measured. Demographic data and histopathologic reports were also acquired for all patients. RESULTS: Vitamin D levels were significantly lower in the thyroid cancer group (p=0.03). FokI and TaqI polymorphisms were more frequent in the thyroid cancer patients (p<0.001). Compared to control, the proportion of the FokI Ff genotype was increased (p<0.0006) and the proportion of the TaqI Tt genotype was also higher among patients with thyroid cancer (p<0.0001). The Ff genotype of FokI was also associated with multifocality, invasive pattern, and risk for local metastasis. CONCLUSION: The VDR gene polymorphism FokI may be associated with the risk of thyroid cancer and its more aggressive forms.
BACKGROUND/AIM: Vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms are involved in a variety of biological processes including cell proliferation, apoptosis, and adhesion in malignant tumors. This study investigated whether vitamin D levels and genetic variations of VDR are risk factors for thyroid cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients who underwent surgery for differentiated thyroid carcinoma (n=113) and those with benign thyroid pathology (n=150) were genotyped for VDR gene polymorphisms (ApaI, TaqI, FokI, and BsmI) and their 25(OH)D levels were simultaneously measured. Demographic data and histopathologic reports were also acquired for all patients. RESULTS: Vitamin D levels were significantly lower in the thyroid cancer group (p=0.03). FokI and TaqI polymorphisms were more frequent in the thyroid cancer patients (p<0.001). Compared to control, the proportion of the FokI Ff genotype was increased (p<0.0006) and the proportion of the TaqI Tt genotype was also higher among patients with thyroid cancer (p<0.0001). The Ff genotype of FokI was also associated with multifocality, invasive pattern, and risk for local metastasis. CONCLUSION: The VDR gene polymorphism FokI may be associated with the risk of thyroid cancer and its more aggressive forms.
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