Kensuke Nishi1,2,3, Shohei Yoshimoto4,5, Soichiro Nishi2, Tatsuro Nishi2,3, Ryushiro Nishi2, Toshiyuki Tsunoda6, Hiromitsu Morita7, Hiroaki Tanaka8, Osamu Hotta9, Susumu Yasumasu2, Kenji Hiromatsu10, Senji Shirasawa6, Takashi Nakagawa11, Takafumi Yamano12. 1. Section of Otolaryngology, Department of Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan; knishi@college.fdcnet.ac.jp. 2. Nishi Otolaryngology Clinic, Fukuoka, Japan. 3. Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan. 4. Section of Pathology, Department of Morphological Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan. 5. Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan. 6. Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan. 7. The Center for Visiting Dental Service, Fukuoka Dental College Medical and Dental General Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan. 8. Tanaka Hiroaki Clinic, Fukuoka, Japan. 9. Division of Internal Medicine, Hotta Osamu Clinic (HOC), Sendai, Japan. 10. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan. 11. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. 12. Section of Otolaryngology, Department of Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM: Influenza A virus (IAV) infection causes an inflammatory response to the respiratory mucosa. The viral glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA) binds to the sialylated voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel (Cav1.2) in ciliated epithelium. The binding of HA and sialylated Cav1.2 is considered essential to IAV infection, entry, and IAV-induced Ca2+ oscillation. The epipharynx comprises the ciliated epithelium, which is the initial target for viruses that cause upper respiratory tract infections. Previously, we showed that epipharyngeal abrasive therapy (EAT), a treatment for chronic epipharyngitis in Japan, which scratches the epipharyngeal mucosa with a cotton swab containing zinc chloride, induces squamous metaplasia. In this study, we evaluated whether squamous metaplasia by EAT affects the expression patterns of Cav1.2. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study subjects were seven patients who had not been treated with EAT and 11 patients who had. For the immunohistochemical assessment of the epipharyngeal mucosa, the staining intensity of Cav1.2 was described using the immunohistochemical score (IHC score). RESULTS: The IHC scores for Cav1.2 in the EAT-treated group was 4.19-fold lower than those in the non-treated group (p=0.0034). CONCLUSION: EAT down-regulates the expression of Cav1.2, a key cell surface molecule in influenza virus entry via squamous metaplasia. Thus, EAT may be a simple method for preventing influenza infection.
BACKGROUND/AIM: Influenza A virus (IAV) infection causes an inflammatory response to the respiratory mucosa. The viral glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA) binds to the sialylated voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel (Cav1.2) in ciliated epithelium. The binding of HA and sialylated Cav1.2 is considered essential to IAV infection, entry, and IAV-induced Ca2+ oscillation. The epipharynx comprises the ciliated epithelium, which is the initial target for viruses that cause upper respiratory tract infections. Previously, we showed that epipharyngeal abrasive therapy (EAT), a treatment for chronic epipharyngitis in Japan, which scratches the epipharyngeal mucosa with a cotton swab containing zinc chloride, induces squamous metaplasia. In this study, we evaluated whether squamous metaplasia by EAT affects the expression patterns of Cav1.2. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study subjects were seven patients who had not been treated with EAT and 11 patients who had. For the immunohistochemical assessment of the epipharyngeal mucosa, the staining intensity of Cav1.2 was described using the immunohistochemical score (IHC score). RESULTS: The IHC scores for Cav1.2 in the EAT-treated group was 4.19-fold lower than those in the non-treated group (p=0.0034). CONCLUSION: EAT down-regulates the expression of Cav1.2, a key cell surface molecule in influenza virus entry via squamous metaplasia. Thus, EAT may be a simple method for preventing influenza infection.
Authors: Hannah Limburg; Anne Harbig; Dorothea Bestle; David A Stein; Hong M Moulton; Julia Jaeger; Harshavardhan Janga; Kornelia Hardes; Janine Koepke; Leon Schulte; Andreas Rembert Koczulla; Bernd Schmeck; Hans-Dieter Klenk; Eva Böttcher-Friebertshäuser Journal: J Virol Date: 2019-10-15 Impact factor: 5.103
Authors: Isabelle Marois; Alexandre Cloutier; Isabelle Meunier; Hana M Weingartl; André M Cantin; Martin V Richter Journal: PLoS One Date: 2014-10-21 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: B W Jagger; H M Wise; J C Kash; K-A Walters; N M Wills; Y-L Xiao; R L Dunfee; L M Schwartzman; A Ozinsky; G L Bell; R M Dalton; A Lo; S Efstathiou; J F Atkins; A E Firth; J K Taubenberger; P Digard Journal: Science Date: 2012-06-28 Impact factor: 47.728