Kazunori Ninomiya1, Durga Paudel2, Osamu Uehara3, Tetsuro Morikawa4, Syed Taufiqul Islam5, Ariuntsetseg Khurelchuluun4, Dedy Ariwansa4, Koki Yoshida4, Hirofumi Matsuoka3, Hara Hajime1, Fukui Kayoko1, Kenjirou Nakamura1, Yoshihiro Abiko6. 1. Department of Pharmacology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Niigata, Japan. 2. Advanced Research Promotion Center, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tōbetsu, Japan. 3. Division of Disease Control and Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tōbetsu, Japan. 4. Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tōbetsu, Japan. 5. Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tōbetsu, Japan. 6. Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tōbetsu, Japan; yoshi-ab@hoku-iryo-u.ac.jp.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM: Amitriptyline is a major tricyclic antidepressant that is also used to relieve chronic orofacial pain. Recently, alterations in gut flora due to various antidepressants have been demonstrated. However, it remains unknown how antidepressants affect the oral environment, including microbiota and innate immunity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of amitriptyline on oral microflora and antimicrobial peptides. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with amitriptyline for 2 weeks. The DNA extracted from the oral swabs were used to perform 16SrRNA sequencing to evaluate the oral microbiome. Quantitative RT-PCR was performed to evaluate the mRNA levels of antimicrobial peptides in the buccal tissues. RESULTS: No significant differences in salivary flow rates were observed between the amitriptyline and control groups. Taxonomic analysis showed significant alterations in bacteria such as Corynebacterium, Rothia, and Porphyromonas due to amitriptyline administration. The beta diversity showed significant differences between the amitriptyline and control groups. Additionally, the predicted metagenome functions were significantly different between the two groups. The mRNA expression levels of antimicrobial peptides in the amitriptyline group were significantly higher as compared to controls. CONCLUSION: Systemic administration of amitriptyline may affect the oral environment, including oral microbes and innate immunity in the oral mucosa.
BACKGROUND/AIM: Amitriptyline is a major tricyclic antidepressant that is also used to relieve chronic orofacial pain. Recently, alterations in gut flora due to various antidepressants have been demonstrated. However, it remains unknown how antidepressants affect the oral environment, including microbiota and innate immunity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of amitriptyline on oral microflora and antimicrobial peptides. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with amitriptyline for 2 weeks. The DNA extracted from the oral swabs were used to perform 16SrRNA sequencing to evaluate the oral microbiome. Quantitative RT-PCR was performed to evaluate the mRNA levels of antimicrobial peptides in the buccal tissues. RESULTS: No significant differences in salivary flow rates were observed between the amitriptyline and control groups. Taxonomic analysis showed significant alterations in bacteria such as Corynebacterium, Rothia, and Porphyromonas due to amitriptyline administration. The beta diversity showed significant differences between the amitriptyline and control groups. Additionally, the predicted metagenome functions were significantly different between the two groups. The mRNA expression levels of antimicrobial peptides in the amitriptyline group were significantly higher as compared to controls. CONCLUSION: Systemic administration of amitriptyline may affect the oral environment, including oral microbes and innate immunity in the oral mucosa.
Authors: Mustafa Al-Musawi; Justin Durham; John M Whitworth; Simon J Stone; Donald R Nixdorf; Ruth A Valentine Journal: J Oral Pathol Med Date: 2016-03-15 Impact factor: 4.253