Daniel Beshah1,2, Adey Desta1, Gurja Belay1, Tamrat Abebe3, Solomon Gebreselasie3, Tesfaye Sisay Tessema4. 1. Microbial Cellular Molecular Biology Infection Biology Stream, College of Natural and Computational Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 2. Department of Diagnostic Laboratory, Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 3. Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 4. Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Abstract
Background: Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are significant causes of morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia and worldwide. Alarming is the rapid global spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria. Objective: To determine the microbial profile, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, and associated risk factors for bloodstream infections in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH) Addis Ababa Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2018 and March 2019. Blood collected twice from each septicemia suspected patient were processed following standard bacteriological procedures. AST was performed by using the disk diffusion test according to CLSI 2017 and 2018 guidelines. Data captured in Epidata were cleaned and analyzed by SPSS version 21 software. Results: The prevalence of BSI was 28.06% and a higher proportion of pathogene detected were gram-negative bacteria (GNB) (54.5%) and gram-positive bacteria (GPB) (45.43%). The most abundant bacterial species were Klebsiella pneumoniae 17.6%, CoNS 15.2%, and Acinetobacter spp 11.0%. Culture positivity was associated with age below 6 years, neonates AOR p=<0.001, infants AOR p=<0.001, Pre-school P=0.002, ICU admission COR p=<0.001, length of admission >5 days COR P=0.016, temperature greater than 38°C, AOR p=0.013, instrument usage during medical care AOR, p=<0.001, chronic illness AOR p=0.027, and neonatal incubation AOR p=0.013. GNB average drug resistance rate was 57.9% of the commonly used antibiotics and the most efficient and inefficient drugs were amikacin (10.8%) and ampicillin (94.6%). The gram-negative isolates showed a 95.3% rate of multi-drug resistance; and MDR, XDR, and PDR were observed at 55.8%, 32.2%, and 7.3%, of isolates respectively. This finding shows children especially neonates were highly affected by drug resistant BSI. Conclusion: Pediatric patients and ICU patients are more affected by BSI, and drug-resistant bacteria are a major problem. Therefore, appropriate intervention approaches need to be implemented.
Background: Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are significant causes of morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia and worldwide. Alarming is the rapid global spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria. Objective: To determine the microbial profile, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, and associated risk factors for bloodstream infections in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH) Addis Ababa Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2018 and March 2019. Blood collected twice from each septicemia suspected patient were processed following standard bacteriological procedures. AST was performed by using the disk diffusion test according to CLSI 2017 and 2018 guidelines. Data captured in Epidata were cleaned and analyzed by SPSS version 21 software. Results: The prevalence of BSI was 28.06% and a higher proportion of pathogene detected were gram-negative bacteria (GNB) (54.5%) and gram-positive bacteria (GPB) (45.43%). The most abundant bacterial species were Klebsiella pneumoniae 17.6%, CoNS 15.2%, and Acinetobacter spp 11.0%. Culture positivity was associated with age below 6 years, neonates AOR p=<0.001, infants AOR p=<0.001, Pre-school P=0.002, ICU admission COR p=<0.001, length of admission >5 days COR P=0.016, temperature greater than 38°C, AOR p=0.013, instrument usage during medical care AOR, p=<0.001, chronic illness AOR p=0.027, and neonatal incubation AOR p=0.013. GNB average drug resistance rate was 57.9% of the commonly used antibiotics and the most efficient and inefficient drugs were amikacin (10.8%) and ampicillin (94.6%). The gram-negative isolates showed a 95.3% rate of multi-drug resistance; and MDR, XDR, and PDR were observed at 55.8%, 32.2%, and 7.3%, of isolates respectively. This finding shows children especially neonates were highly affected by drug resistant BSI. Conclusion: Pediatric patients and ICU patients are more affected by BSI, and drug-resistant bacteria are a major problem. Therefore, appropriate intervention approaches need to be implemented.
Authors: Tuomas Tauriainen; Eeva-Maija Kinnunen; Idamaria Laitinen; Vesa Anttila; Tuomas Kiviniemi; Juhani K E Airaksinen; Fausto Biancari Journal: Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg Date: 2018-02-01
Authors: John Gameli Deku; Mavis Puopelle Dakorah; Sylvester Yao Lokpo; Verner N Orish; Francis Abeku Ussher; Godsway Edem Kpene; Vida Angmorkie Eshun; Eunice Agyei; Waldermer Attivor; James Osei-Yeboah Journal: J Trop Med Date: 2019-09-19