Analysis for Sister Chromatid Exchange.

Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) is the exchange event of genetic material between two identical sister chromatid. Elevation of SCE frequency is considered as a result of replication stress from genetic defects, ROS stress, and genomic damages. SCE staining needs extra processes compared to regular Giemsa staining. Usually two rounds of cell cycle progress are required to observe SCE under microscope. SCE can be visualized with the fluorescence plus Giemsa (FPG) staining method or fluorescence staining methods with immunocytochemistry to BrdU or Click reaction to EdU which provide more clear images of SCE. This chapter will provide the detailed method for the SCE staining and measurement for the traditional FPG staining, BrdU monoclonal antibody staining method, and newly developed EdU Click reaction staining method.