| Literature DB >> 36066605 |
Abstract
The course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) varies from individual to individual. People of advanced age with comorbidities have been identified as having a higher risk for severe disease or to die from COVID-19. Frailty is an essential risk factor in this respect. Approximately one fifth of the middle European population are older than 65 years, and of these 10-15% can be categorized as frail. The pandemic brings the healthcare systems in many countries to their limits. Deciding which patients should be transferred to intensive care units (ICU) raises ethical discussions. In some countries the Rockwood Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) is used to support this decision. Patients over 80 years of age suffering from COVID-19 show a 3.6-fold increase in the risk of mortality compared to the group aged 18-49 years. The risk of frail (CFS scores 6-9) patients is three times higher than for robust patients (CFS scores 1-3). A CFS score cut-off ≥ 6 clearly correlates with mortality of COVID-19 patients older than 65 years. Additionally, mid-term and long-term survival is determined by the degree of frailty at the time before COVID-19 rather than by the severity of the disease. Patients over 60 years are particularly at risk to develop a rapid loss of muscle mass during moderate or severe COVID-19. Patients being treated on ICUs lose 20-30% of their thigh extensor muscle mass within 10 days. The extent of sarcopenia associated with COVID-19 is decisive in determining the course of the disease and makes individually tailored rehabilitation programs necessary. Up to 50% of hospitalized patients need further rehabilitation after discharge. Aerobic training of low intensity combined with resistance training as well as a sufficient supply of calories and proteins in the diet are essential in this respect.Entities:
Keywords: Aged; Mortality; Prognosis; Rehabilitation; Sarcopenia
Year: 2022 PMID: 36066605 PMCID: PMC9446611 DOI: 10.1007/s00391-022-02101-y
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Z Gerontol Geriatr ISSN: 0948-6704 Impact factor: 1.292
| Punkte | Frailty-Grad | Beschreibung |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sehr fit | Robust, aktiv, voll Energie, motiviert |
| 2 | Durchschnittlich aktiv | Keine aktiven Krankheitssymptome, durchschnittlich-sehr aktiv |
| 3 | Gut zurechtkommend | Krankheitssymptome gut kontrolliert Betroffene bewegen sich nicht regelmäßig |
| 4 | Vulnerabel | Krankheitssymptome schränken Alltag etwas ein Keine externe Hilfe, oft Tagesmüdigkeit |
| 5 | Geringgradig frail | In Aktivitäten verlangsamt Betroffene benötigen Hilfe bei anspruchsvollen Tätigkeiten |
| 6 | Mittelgradig frail | Hilfe bei außerhäuslichen Tätigkeiten und Haushaltsführung erforderlich Evtl. minimale Unterstützung beim Ankleiden |
| 7 | Ausgeprägt frail | Wegen körperlicher und/oder kognitiver Einschränkungen komplett auf externe Hilfe angewiesen Dennoch gesundheitlich stabil |
| 8 | Extrem frail | Komplett von externer Hilfe abhängig und sich dem Lebensende nähernd |
| 9 | Terminal krank | Lebenserwartung < 6 Monate |
aDeutschsprachige Version: https://www.dggeriatrie.de/images/Bilder/PosterDownload/200331_DGG_Plakat_A4_Clinical_Frailty_Scale_CFS.pdf
| CFS-Scores, adjustiert | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1–3 | 4–5 | 6–9 | |||
| Gesamt | 1,0 | 1,96 | 3,70 | ||
| Alter/Geschlecht | 1,0 | 1,71 | 3,11 | ||
Alter/Geschlecht Polypharmazie | 1,0 | 1,64 | 2,97 | ||