Aino Vesikansa1, Juha Mehtälä2, Katja Mutanen3, Annamari Lundqvist4, Tiina Laatikainen4,5,6, Tero Ylisaukko-Oja2,7, Tero Saukkonen3, Kirsi H Pietiläinen8,9. 1. MedEngine Oy, Eteläranta 14, 00130, Helsinki, Finland. aino.vesikansa@medengine.fi. 2. MedEngine Oy, Eteläranta 14, 00130, Helsinki, Finland. 3. Novo Nordisk Farma Oy, Espoo, Finland. 4. Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland. 5. Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. 6. Joint Municipal Authority for North Karelia Social and Health Services (Siun Sote), Joensuu, Finland. 7. Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. 8. Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 9. Obesity Center, Abdominal Center, Endocrinology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Abstract
AIM: To characterize healthcare resource (HCRU) and medication use and associated costs in individuals with obesity compared with individuals with normal weight or overweight in a population-based cohort of Finnish adults. The association between metabolic state and direct costs was also assessed. METHODS: The study cohort included 5587 randomly selected individuals who participated in the national FinHealth 2017 health examination survey. Data on healthcare visits and hospital stays, including diagnoses (ICD-10), and purchases and costs of prescription medicines were collected from the nationwide registers by the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare and Social Insurance Institution of Finland. The healthcare costs were calculated based on standard unit costs reported by the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare. RESULTS: The total annual direct costs were €2665 (SD €5673) and €1799 (SD €3874) per person with obesity and with normal weight or overweight, respectively. Obesity was associated with significantly increased total direct (age- and sex-adjusted cost rate ratio, RR, 1.356; p < 0.001), HCRU-related (1.273; p = 0.002), and medication (1.669; p < 0.001) costs. A vast majority (90%) of individuals with obesity were classified as metabolically unhealthy based on clinical measurements. The metabolically unhealthy state was associated with increased costs in individuals with obesity but not in individuals with normal weight or overweight. CONCLUSION: Obesity is associated with a significant and complex direct cost burden to society, arising primarily from increased comorbidity. Metabolically healthy obesity is uncommon and obesity prevention and timely treatment should be of high priority to tackle the increasing burden of obesity.
AIM: To characterize healthcare resource (HCRU) and medication use and associated costs in individuals with obesity compared with individuals with normal weight or overweight in a population-based cohort of Finnish adults. The association between metabolic state and direct costs was also assessed. METHODS: The study cohort included 5587 randomly selected individuals who participated in the national FinHealth 2017 health examination survey. Data on healthcare visits and hospital stays, including diagnoses (ICD-10), and purchases and costs of prescription medicines were collected from the nationwide registers by the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare and Social Insurance Institution of Finland. The healthcare costs were calculated based on standard unit costs reported by the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare. RESULTS: The total annual direct costs were €2665 (SD €5673) and €1799 (SD €3874) per person with obesity and with normal weight or overweight, respectively. Obesity was associated with significantly increased total direct (age- and sex-adjusted cost rate ratio, RR, 1.356; p < 0.001), HCRU-related (1.273; p = 0.002), and medication (1.669; p < 0.001) costs. A vast majority (90%) of individuals with obesity were classified as metabolically unhealthy based on clinical measurements. The metabolically unhealthy state was associated with increased costs in individuals with obesity but not in individuals with normal weight or overweight. CONCLUSION: Obesity is associated with a significant and complex direct cost burden to society, arising primarily from increased comorbidity. Metabolically healthy obesity is uncommon and obesity prevention and timely treatment should be of high priority to tackle the increasing burden of obesity.
Authors: Marco DiBonaventura; Agathe Le Lay; Maya Kumar; Mette Hammer; Michael Lyng Wolden Journal: J Occup Environ Med Date: 2015-10 Impact factor: 2.162
Authors: Victoria Divino; Abhilasha Ramasamy; Vamshi Ruthwik Anupindi; Kirsten Thorup Eriksen; Anne Helene Olsen; Mitch DeKoven; Henrik H Meincke Journal: J Manag Care Spec Pharm Date: 2020-12-14
Authors: Solja T Nyberg; G David Batty; Jaana Pentti; Marianna Virtanen; Lars Alfredsson; Eleonor I Fransson; Marcel Goldberg; Katriina Heikkilä; Markus Jokela; Anders Knutsson; Markku Koskenvuo; Tea Lallukka; Constanze Leineweber; Joni V Lindbohm; Ida E H Madsen; Linda L Magnusson Hanson; Maria Nordin; Tuula Oksanen; Olli Pietiläinen; Ossi Rahkonen; Reiner Rugulies; Martin J Shipley; Sari Stenholm; Sakari Suominen; Töres Theorell; Jussi Vahtera; Peter J M Westerholm; Hugo Westerlund; Marie Zins; Mark Hamer; Archana Singh-Manoux; Joshua A Bell; Jane E Ferrie; Mika Kivimäki Journal: Lancet Public Health Date: 2018-09-01