Dominique R Williams1,2,3, Eileen Chaves4,5,6,7, Nicole E Greenwood4,5,6, Jennifer Kushner5,8,9, Gayathri Chelvakumar5,6,8,10, Shanna E Swaringen5,6,8,11, Scott F Leibowitz5,6,8,11. 1. Center for Healthy Weight and Nutrition, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, USA. Dominique.Williams@NationwideChildrens.org. 2. Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA. Dominique.Williams@NationwideChildrens.org. 3. Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. Dominique.Williams@NationwideChildrens.org. 4. Center for Healthy Weight and Nutrition, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, USA. 5. Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA. 6. Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. 7. Division of Pediatric Neuropsychology and Psychology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, USA. 8. THRIVE Gender Development Program, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, USA. 9. Division of Endocrinology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, USA. 10. Division of Adolescent Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, USA. 11. Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The relationships between gender identity, body image, and gender expression are complex, requiring a gender affirming approach to address weight management. This purpose of this review is to describe the essentials to caring for gender diverse youth, as well as the differences and intersections among those with obesity. RECENT FINDINGS: Gender-affirming hormone therapy may lead to abnormal weight gain and increased body mass index, or worsen obesity and exacerbate weight-related complications. Moreover, given the high prevalence of victimization, marginalization, and stigmatization among gender diverse people and youth with obesity, care guidelines and treatment goals should also include reducing the negative impact of social-related complications. Despite the overlap in clinical care and lived experiences that impact the health of gender diverse youth with obesity, there is very little research to help guide clinicians. Careful attention to medical and behavioral comorbidities, barriers to care, and health disparities can inform clinical practice. Future research that specifically addresses nuances to care for gender diverse youth with obesity can help to establish standards of care to address their unmet needs and further support clinicians, patients and their families.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The relationships between gender identity, body image, and gender expression are complex, requiring a gender affirming approach to address weight management. This purpose of this review is to describe the essentials to caring for gender diverse youth, as well as the differences and intersections among those with obesity. RECENT FINDINGS: Gender-affirming hormone therapy may lead to abnormal weight gain and increased body mass index, or worsen obesity and exacerbate weight-related complications. Moreover, given the high prevalence of victimization, marginalization, and stigmatization among gender diverse people and youth with obesity, care guidelines and treatment goals should also include reducing the negative impact of social-related complications. Despite the overlap in clinical care and lived experiences that impact the health of gender diverse youth with obesity, there is very little research to help guide clinicians. Careful attention to medical and behavioral comorbidities, barriers to care, and health disparities can inform clinical practice. Future research that specifically addresses nuances to care for gender diverse youth with obesity can help to establish standards of care to address their unmet needs and further support clinicians, patients and their families.
Authors: Tamar Goldenberg; Laura Jadwin-Cakmak; Elliot Popoff; Sari L Reisner; Bré A Campbell; Gary W Harper Journal: J Adolesc Health Date: 2019-07-11 Impact factor: 5.012
Authors: Dennis M Styne; Silva A Arslanian; Ellen L Connor; Ismaa Sadaf Farooqi; M Hassan Murad; Janet H Silverstein; Jack A Yanovski Journal: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Date: 2017-03-01 Impact factor: 5.958
Authors: Michelle M Johns; Richard Lowry; Jack Andrzejewski; Lisa C Barrios; Zewditu Demissie; Timothy McManus; Catherine N Rasberry; Leah Robin; J Michael Underwood Journal: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Date: 2019-01-25 Impact factor: 17.586