Laura Boswell1,2,3, Tonet Serés-Noriega4, Alex Mesa4,5, Verónica Perea6, Adriana Pané4,7, Clara Viñals4, Jesús Blanco5,8, Marga Giménez5,8,9, Irene Vinagre8, Enric Esmatjes5,8,9, Ignacio Conget5,8,9, Antonio J Amor10. 1. Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain. lauraboswell5@gmail.com. 2. Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain. lauraboswell5@gmail.com. 3. Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Althaia University Health Network, Manresa, Spain. lauraboswell5@gmail.com. 4. Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain. 5. Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain. 6. Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain. 7. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. 8. Diabetes Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain. 9. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain. 10. Diabetes Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain. ajamor@clinic.cat.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Although cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of mortality in type 1 diabetes (T1D), the use of cardioprotective drugs is scarce. We aimed to evaluate the impact of carotid ultrasonography (US) on the improvement in cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) in T1D. METHODS AND RESULTS: T1D patients without CVD meeting criteria for lipid treatment according to guidelines (age ≥ 40 years, nephropathy and/or ≥ 10 years of diabetes duration with ≥ 1 additional CVRFs) were included. The carotid-US group (US-G) underwent a standardized US protocol and CVRF assessment; recommendations were made according to subclinical atherosclerosis status. The control group (CG) followed usual clinical practice. Changes in CVRFs, specially statin use and LDL cholesterol levels, at 1 year were analysed. A total of 318 patients were included (51.3% female, mean age of 49.1 years and 25.5 years of diabetes duration): 211 in the US-G and 107 in the CG. Participants in the US-G had a higher baseline LDL cholesterol than controls (114 vs. 102 mg/dL; p < 0.001). Lipid-lowering treatment was modified in 38.9% in the US-G and 6.5% in the CG (p < 0.001). At 1 year, the US-G was more frequently on statins, had lower LDL cholesterol and 27% had stopped smoking (p < 0.001 for all). Changes were more pronounced in those with plaques (p < 0.001). In multivariate analyses adjusted for age, sex and other CVRFs, belonging to the US-G was independently associated with the intensification of lipid-lowering treatment (OR 10.47 [4.06-27.01]). Propensity score-matching analysis yielded similar results (OR 20.09 [7.86-51.37]). CONCLUSION: Carotid-US is independently associated with an intensification of lipid-lowering therapy in a high-risk T1D population.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Although cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of mortality in type 1 diabetes (T1D), the use of cardioprotective drugs is scarce. We aimed to evaluate the impact of carotid ultrasonography (US) on the improvement in cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) in T1D. METHODS AND RESULTS: T1D patients without CVD meeting criteria for lipid treatment according to guidelines (age ≥ 40 years, nephropathy and/or ≥ 10 years of diabetes duration with ≥ 1 additional CVRFs) were included. The carotid-US group (US-G) underwent a standardized US protocol and CVRF assessment; recommendations were made according to subclinical atherosclerosis status. The control group (CG) followed usual clinical practice. Changes in CVRFs, specially statin use and LDL cholesterol levels, at 1 year were analysed. A total of 318 patients were included (51.3% female, mean age of 49.1 years and 25.5 years of diabetes duration): 211 in the US-G and 107 in the CG. Participants in the US-G had a higher baseline LDL cholesterol than controls (114 vs. 102 mg/dL; p < 0.001). Lipid-lowering treatment was modified in 38.9% in the US-G and 6.5% in the CG (p < 0.001). At 1 year, the US-G was more frequently on statins, had lower LDL cholesterol and 27% had stopped smoking (p < 0.001 for all). Changes were more pronounced in those with plaques (p < 0.001). In multivariate analyses adjusted for age, sex and other CVRFs, belonging to the US-G was independently associated with the intensification of lipid-lowering treatment (OR 10.47 [4.06-27.01]). Propensity score-matching analysis yielded similar results (OR 20.09 [7.86-51.37]). CONCLUSION: Carotid-US is independently associated with an intensification of lipid-lowering therapy in a high-risk T1D population.
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