Literature DB >> 36004045

Wandering fourth heart sound.

Takahiro Kunigita1, Kensuke Matsumoto1, Satoru Kawasaki1, Hogara Nishisaki1.   

Abstract

Entities:  

Year:  2022        PMID: 36004045      PMCID: PMC9395133          DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytac330

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Eur Heart J Case Rep        ISSN: 2514-2119


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Case description

An 86-year-old woman with uncontrolled hypertension was referred to our institution owing to significant bradycardia caused by complete atrioventricular block. Chest radiography revealed bilateral pulmonary congestion concomitant with significant cardiomegaly, and brain natriuretic peptide level was elevated at 430 pg/mL, indicating acute decompensated heart failure. Cardiac auscultation revealed grade 2/6 systolic ejection murmur along with intermittent augmentation of the first heart sound (i.e. ‘Cannon sound’). Unexpectedly, a low-pitched strange heart sound was intermittently auscultated at the apex. Of note, this peculiar heart sound was completely coincided with prominent a wave in the jugular venous pulsation, which suggested that this excessive heart sound was generated by atrial contraction. Phonocardiogram revealed the strange heart sound to be an isolated fourth heart sound (iS4), corresponding to non-conducted P wave on electrocardiogram, resulting in strange heart rhythm accompanied by ‘wandering iS4’ (). Transthoracic echocardiography clearly confirmed the iS4 was generated by atrial kick independent of ventricular contraction (). After dual chamber pacemaker implantation (active mode: atrial sensing and ventricular pacing mode), signs and symptoms of heart failure were significantly alleviated with the complete disappearance of the ‘wandering iS4.’ Before pacemaker implantation (left panel), phonocardiogram (A) clearly showed an isolated fourth heart sound, corresponding to non-conducted P wave on electrocardiogram (B). M-mode echocardiogram (C), Pulsed-wave echocardiogram (D), and colour M-mode echocardiogram (E) confirmed the isolated fourth heart sound was generated by atrial kick independent of ventricular contraction. After dual chamber pacemaker implantation, the ‘wandering isolated fourth heart sound’ was completely disappeared (right panel). S4 is generated by a compensatory increase in the atrial booster pump function against an increased ventricular end-diastolic pressure and a non-compliant ventricle.[1] In the present case, ‘wandering iS4’ was clearly auscultated presumably due to incidental combination of significant bradycardia resulting from complete atrioventricular block, non-compliant ventricle caused by uncontrolled hypertension, presence of the ventricular apex with sufficient vibration capability, and integrity of compensatory augmentation of the atrial booster pump function.
  1 in total

1.  Relationship between accurate auscultation of the fourth heart sound and the level of physician experience.

Authors:  Saurabh Gupta; Andrew D Michaels
Journal:  Clin Cardiol       Date:  2009-02       Impact factor: 2.882

  1 in total

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