Soraya Olana1, Rossella Mazzilli2, Iolanda Santino3, Daniela Martinelli4, Virginia Zamponi1, Manuela Macera5, Gerardo Salerno1, Fernando Mazzilli1, Antongiulio Faggiano1, Daniele Gianfrilli6. 1. Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1036-1039, 00100, Rome, Italy. 2. Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1036-1039, 00100, Rome, Italy. rossella.mazzilli@uniroma1.it. 3. Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy. 4. Microbiology Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy. 5. Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia, Sezione Di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II Di Napoli, Naples, Italy. 6. Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate (i) the prevalence of subjects with a positive sperm culture (SC) for bacteria in subjects with or without genitourinary tract inflammation (GTI); (ii) the actual distribution of the species analysed, according to Gram stain; (iii) the impact on sperm parameters; and (iv) the actual bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics. METHODS: A total of 930 subjects (18-55) years, were retrospectively studied. All the patients underwent SC and in the case of positive tests (CFU > 106), a microbiological susceptibility analysis. The subjects studied were subdivided into group A (n = 452), with subjective signs of GTI; group B (n = 478), male partners of infertile couples; and group C, 30 healthy normospermic subjects. In group B and in the control group, a semen analysis was performed. RESULTS: Overall, the prevalence of positive SC was 21.5% (200/930). The prevalence of positive SC in group A (113/200; 56.5%) was significantly higher vs. group B (87/200; 43.5%; p = 0.01) and control group (1/30; 3.3%; p = 0.0001). In subjects with GTI, the prevalence of asthenozoospermic (96/285; 33.7%) and oligo-asthenozoospermic (98/285; 34.4%) was significantly higher vs. normospermic, oligo-astheno-teratozoospermic, oligozoospermic and azoospermic subjects (22/285 (7.7%), 48/285 (16.8%), 15/285 (5.3%) and 6/285 (2.1%), respectively; p = 0.001). Finally, Enterococcus faecalis (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) showed the highest prevalence of antibiotic resistance. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of positive SC is higher in GTI subjects; however, the SC could also be positive in subjects without GTI. Commonly used antibiotics have an increasing risk of being useless for the treatment of bacterial infections. Finally, the diagnosis of GTIs is important also for male fertility.
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate (i) the prevalence of subjects with a positive sperm culture (SC) for bacteria in subjects with or without genitourinary tract inflammation (GTI); (ii) the actual distribution of the species analysed, according to Gram stain; (iii) the impact on sperm parameters; and (iv) the actual bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics. METHODS: A total of 930 subjects (18-55) years, were retrospectively studied. All the patients underwent SC and in the case of positive tests (CFU > 106), a microbiological susceptibility analysis. The subjects studied were subdivided into group A (n = 452), with subjective signs of GTI; group B (n = 478), male partners of infertile couples; and group C, 30 healthy normospermic subjects. In group B and in the control group, a semen analysis was performed. RESULTS: Overall, the prevalence of positive SC was 21.5% (200/930). The prevalence of positive SC in group A (113/200; 56.5%) was significantly higher vs. group B (87/200; 43.5%; p = 0.01) and control group (1/30; 3.3%; p = 0.0001). In subjects with GTI, the prevalence of asthenozoospermic (96/285; 33.7%) and oligo-asthenozoospermic (98/285; 34.4%) was significantly higher vs. normospermic, oligo-astheno-teratozoospermic, oligozoospermic and azoospermic subjects (22/285 (7.7%), 48/285 (16.8%), 15/285 (5.3%) and 6/285 (2.1%), respectively; p = 0.001). Finally, Enterococcus faecalis (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) showed the highest prevalence of antibiotic resistance. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of positive SC is higher in GTI subjects; however, the SC could also be positive in subjects without GTI. Commonly used antibiotics have an increasing risk of being useless for the treatment of bacterial infections. Finally, the diagnosis of GTIs is important also for male fertility.