| Literature DB >> 35990244 |
Abstract
Deaths of despair, morbidity and emotional distress continue to rise in the US, largely borne by those without a college degree, the majority of American adults, for many of whom the economy and society are no longer delivering. Concurrently, all-cause mortality in the US is diverging by education in a way not seen in other rich countries. We review the rising prevalence of pain, despair, and suicide among those without a BA. Pain and despair created a baseline demand for opioids, but the escalation of addiction came from pharma and its political enablers. We examine the "politics of despair," how less-educated people have abandoned and been abandoned by the Democratic Party. While healthier states once voted Republican in presidential elections, now the less-healthy states do. We review deaths during COVID, finding mortality in 2020 replicated existing relative mortality differences between those with and without college degrees.Entities:
Keywords: COVID epidemic; deaths of despair; educational status [N01.824.196]; opioid epidemic; pain [F02.830.816.444]; politics of despair
Year: 2022 PMID: 35990244 PMCID: PMC9389919 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-economics-051520-015607
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Annu Rev Econom ISSN: 1941-1383