| Literature DB >> 35966432 |
Victor Alves Rodrigues1, Matheus Rocha Pereira Klettenberg1, Luciano Farage2, Lisiane Seguti1.
Abstract
A 26-year-old previously healthy patient who, at the age of 18 years, began progressive loss of distal strength, rest tremor, and muscle atrophy in the left upper limb. Upon examination, the patient presented moderate distal atrophy, degree 4 in muscular strength, and minipolymioclonus. Electromyoneurography revealed (EMNG) chronic preganglionic bilateral involvement of bilateral C7/C8/T1, worse on the left, with signs of active C8/T1 denervation. A cervical spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan showed spondylodiscal degenerative changes with central protrusions in C4-C5, C6-C7, and right central in C5-C6, which touched the dural sac. The anteroposterior diameter of the medulla in neutral position, in the C5-C6 plane, was of 5.1 mm. There was a reduction of the spinal cord caliber to 4.0 mm after the dynamic maneuver of forced flexion of the spine, as well as signal increase in the anterior horns. The clinical findings and those of the complementary tests were compatible with Hirayama disease (HD), a rare benign motor neuron disease that affects cervical spinal segments and is most prevalent in men, with onset in the early 20s. Unilateral and slowly progressive weakness is typical, but self-limited. Sensory disturbances, and autonomic and upper motor neuron signals are rare. Management is usually conservative, with the use of a soft cervical collar. Although rare, HD should be considered in young patients with focal asymmetric atrophy in the upper limbs. The early diagnosis of HD depends on the degree of suspicion, as well as on the cooperation and communication among the various specialties involved in the investigation. Sociedade Brasileira de Ortopedia e Traumatologia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commecial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ).Entities:
Keywords: Hirayama disease; magnetic resonance imaging; muscular atrophy, spinal; spinal cord
Year: 2022 PMID: 35966432 PMCID: PMC9365487 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1742339
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo) ISSN: 0102-3616
Fig. 1Asymmetric atrophy affecting the left upper limb.
Fig. 2Magnetic resonance imaging scans of the cervical spine of the patient in sagittal neutral position ( A ), in axial sagittal flexion ( B ) ( C ). T2-weighted images on sagittal views showing anterior displacement of the dura mater posterior to vertebral level C5-C6, suggesting an increase in mobility, which determines compression on the spinal cord. T2-weighted axial view ( C ) demonstrating asymmetric spinal cord flattening.
Fig. 1Atrofia assimétrica acometendo o membro superior esquerdo.
Fig. 2Imagens da RM da coluna cervical em corte sagital na posição neutra ( A ), em sagital flexão ( B ) axial ( C ) do paciente. Imagens ponderadas em T2 em cortes sagitais mostrando deslocamento anterior da dura-máter posterior no nível vertebral C5-C6, o que sugere um aumento da mobilidade, que determina a compressão sobre a medula. Corte axial ( C ) ponderado em T2 demonstrando achatamento assimétrico da medula.