| Literature DB >> 35966423 |
Anil Ghimire1, Pramod Devkota2, Kailash Kumar Bhandari1, Yubaraj Kharel1, Saju Pradhan1.
Abstract
Objective To analyze the results of clinical, radiological, and functional outcomes of tibial plateau fracture (Schatzker Type V, VI) treated with Illizarov ring external fixator with or without minimum opening. Methods A total of 52 tibial plateau fractures of type V, VI were treated with Ilizarov ring external fixator with or without mininum internal fixation were studied. Functional outcome assessment was done using the American Knee Society (AKS) score with clinical, radiological union, and complications were analyzed. Results There were 37 (71.15%) male and 15 (28.84%) female patients, with a mean age of 39.07 ± 12.58 years old. Road traffic accidents (RTAs) were the major cause of fracture, accounting for 32 cases (61.53%) followed by fall injury, with 16 cases (30.76%), and direct impact, with 4 cases (7.69%). Twenty-one (40.38%) cases were type V and 31 (59.61%) cases were type VI fractures, and there were 24 (46.15%) cases of open fracture. The mean AKS score of Type V and Type VI fractures were 82.8 and 80.70, respectively, but this was statistically not significant at p <0.05. The mean AKS score of closed and open fractures were also statistically not significant at p <0.05. Conclusions For Schatzker Types V and VI complex tibial plateau fractures, Ilizarov external fixation is a safe, cost-effective and efficient treatment method that presents a satisfactory outcome. Sociedade Brasileira de Ortopedia e Traumatologia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commecial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ).Entities:
Keywords: Ilizarov technique; Schatzker classification; external fixator; tibial fracture
Year: 2021 PMID: 35966423 PMCID: PMC9365483 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1739171
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo) ISSN: 0102-3616
Fig. 1Radiographs of anterior-posterior (AP) and lateral view of Type VI fracture of a 44-year-old man.
Fig. 2Application of olive wires for the interfragmentary compression.
Fig. 3X-ray after Ilizarov fixation with minimal internal fixation.
Detail of patient profile with clinical results
| Case Number | Age | Gender | Cause of injury | Schatzker classification | Open Type | Fixator time in weeks | Knee ROM | American knee society score | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flexion | Extension lag | ||||||||
| 1 | 41 | M | RTA | VI | Close | 12 | 100 | −5 | 85 |
| 2 | 45 | M | RTA | VI | Close | 16 | 115 | 0 | 88 |
| 3 | 32 | F | RTA | V | Close | 14 | 125 | −10 | 89 |
| 4 | 60 | F | Fall | VI | II | 17 | 130 | 0 | 87 |
| 5 | 51 | M | RTA | VI | Close | 12 | 125 | −5 | 90 |
| 6 | 40 | M | Fall | VI | Close | 14 | 125 | −5 | 86 |
| 7 | 24 | M | Fall | V | III A | 14 | 120 | −5 | 92 |
| 8 | 22 | M | RTA | VI | Close | 15 | 100 | −5 | 86 |
| 9 | 32 | M | RTA | VI | III A | 18 | 125 | −5 | 87 |
| 10 | 61 | M | RTA | VI | II | 13 | 100 | −5 | 88 |
| 11 | 24 | F | Fall | VI | III B | 20 | 100 | -10 | 89 |
| 12 | 33 | M | RTA | V | I | 14 | 120 | 0 | 94 |
| 13 | 44 | M | RTA | VI | I | 14 | 120 | −5 | 84 |
| 14 | 32 | M | Fall | V | Close | 12 | 120 | 0 | 88 |
| 15 | 32 | M | Fall | VI | Close | 12 | 125 | −5 | 87 |
| 16 | 32 | M | RTA | V | III B | 14 | 100 | 0 | 85 |
| 17 | 37 | M | Fall | VI | III A | 18 | 105 | −5 | 89 |
| 18 | 26 | M | Fall | V | Close | 16 | 90 | −5 | 86 |
| 19 | 32 | M | Fall | V | Close | 14 | 120 | -10 | 87 |
| 20 | 26 | M | RTA | VI | II | 13 | 105 | 0 | 93 |
| 21 | 50 | M | Fall | V | Close | 13 | 125 | -10 | 91 |
| 22 | 33 | M | RTA | VI | II | 17 | 125 | −5 | 90 |
| 23 | 45 | M | RTA | VI | III A | 15 | 100 | −5 | 87 |
| 24 | 65 | F | Fall | VI | II | 14 | 120 | 0 | 89 |
| 25 | 27 | M | Direct Trauma | V | Close | 20 | 125 | −15 | 88 |
| 26 | 32 | F | Direct Trauma | V | Close | 16 | 100 | −10 | 89 |
| 27 | 60 | F | Direct Trauma | V | II | 18 | 115 | 0 | 85 |
| 28 | 51 | F | RTA | VI | Close | 14 | 90 | -5 | 85 |
| 29 | 40 | F | RTA | V | Close | 13 | 125 | -10 | 75 |
| 30 | 24 | F | Fall | VI | III B | 12 | 90 | 5 | 77 |
| 31 | 22 | F | RTA | V | Close | 15 | 100 | -15 | 78 |
| 32 | 32 | F | RTA | V | II | 16 | 120 | 5 | 79 |
| 33 | 61 | F | Fall | VI | Close | 17 | 110 | -10 | 80 |
| 34 | 24 | F | RTA | VI | I | 19 | 125 | 0 | 81 |
| 35 | 33 | F | RTA | V | Close | 12 | 90 | -15 | 82 |
| 36 | 44 | M | RTA | VI | Close | 14 | 120 | −5 | 83 |
| 37 | 32 | M | Fall | V | I | 13 | 110 | −5 | 82 |
| 38 | 32 | M | RTA | V | II | 16 | 115 | −5 | 77 |
| 39 | 32 | M | RTA | V | II | 14 | 90 | -10 | 76 |
| 40 | 37 | M | Fall | VI | III A | 17 | 90 | -10 | 75 |
| 41 | 62 | M | RTA | VI | Close | 19 | 100 | −5 | 78 |
| 42 | 32 | M | RTA | VI | I | 18 | 100 | −5 | 79 |
| 43 | 26 | M | Fall | V | Close | 14 | 115 | −5 | 83 |
| 44 | 50 | M | RTA | VI | Close | 13 | 125 | 0 | 60 |
| 45 | 33 | M | RTA | VI | Close | 15 | 100 | -10 | 65 |
| 46 | 45 | M | RTA | VI | II | 16 | 125 | −5 | 66 |
| 47 | 65 | M | Direct Trauma | V | Close | 18 | 100 | -10 | 67 |
| 48 | 26 | F | RTA | VI | Close | 12 | 100 | -10 | 70 |
| 49 | 50 | M | RTA | VI | Close | 15 | 125 | 0 | 72 |
| 50 | 33 | F | RTA | VI | III A | 17 | 85 | -15 | 73 |
| 51 | 45 | M | RTA | V | Close | 13 | 100 | -10 | 66 |
| 52 | 65 | M | RTA | VI | Close | 18 | 90 | -15 | 58 |
Abbreviations: ROM, range of motion; RTA, road traffic accident.
Fig. 4Good union is seen after removal of the Ilizarov frame with cannulated cancellous screw with washer in situ.
Fig. 1Radiografias anteroposteriores (AP) e visão lateral da fratura tipo VI de um homem de 44 anos.
Fig. 2Aplicação de fios olivados para a compressão interfragmentar.
Fig. 3Raio X após fixação de Ilizarov com fixação interna mínima.
Detalhe do perfil do paciente com resultados clínicos
| Número do caso | Idade | Gênero | Causa da lesão | Classificação Schatzker | Tipo aberto | Tempo fixador em semanas | ADM do joelho | Pontuação da AKS | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flexão | Defasagem extensão | ||||||||
| 1 | 41 | M | AT | VI | Fechada | 12 | 100 | −5 | 85 |
| 2 | 45 | M | AT | VI | Fechada | 16 | 115 | 0 | 88 |
| 3 | 32 | F | AT | V | Fechada | 14 | 125 | −10 | 89 |
| 4 | 60 | F | Queda | VI | II | 17 | 130 | 0 | 87 |
| 5 | 51 | M | AT | VI | Fechada | 12 | 125 | -5 | 90 |
| 6 | 40 | M | Queda | VI | Fechada | 14 | 125 | −5 | 86 |
| 7 | 24 | M | Queda | V | III A | 14 | 120 | −5 | 92 |
| 8 | 22 | M | AT | VI | Fechada | 15 | 100 | −5 | 86 |
| 9 | 32 | M | AT | VI | III A | 18 | 125 | −5 | 87 |
| 10 | 61 | M | AT | VI | II | 13 | 100 | −5 | 88 |
| 11 | 24 | F | Queda | VI | III B | 20 | 100 | −10 | 89 |
| 12 | 33 | M | AT | V | I | 14 | 120 | 0 | 94 |
| 13 | 44 | M | AT | VI | I | 14 | 120 | −5 | 84 |
| 14 | 32 | M | Queda | V | Fechada | 12 | 120 | 0 | 88 |
| 15 | 32 | M | Queda | VI | Fechada | 12 | 125 | −5 | 87 |
| 16 | 32 | M | AT | V | III B | 14 | 100 | 0 | 85 |
| 17 | 37 | M | Queda | VI | III A | 18 | 105 | −5 | 89 |
| 18 | 26 | M | Queda | V | Fechada | 16 | 90 | −5 | 86 |
| 19 | 32 | M | Queda | V | Fechada | 14 | 120 | −10 | 87 |
| 20 | 26 | M | AT | VI | II | 13 | 105 | 0 | 93 |
| 21 | 50 | M | Queda | V | Fechada | 13 | 125 | −10 | 91 |
| 22 | 33 | M | AT | VI | II | 17 | 125 | −5 | 90 |
| 23 | 45 | M | AT | VI | III A | 15 | 100 | −5 | 87 |
| 24 | 65 | F | Queda | VI | II | 14 | 120 | 0 | 89 |
| 25 | 27 | M | Trauma direto | V | Fechada | 20 | 125 | −15 | 88 |
| 26 | 32 | F | Trauma direto | V | Fechada | 16 | 100 | −10 | 89 |
| 27 | 60 | F | Trauma direto | V | II | 18 | 115 | 0 | 85 |
| 28 | 51 | F | AT | VI | Fechada | 14 | 90 | −5 | 85 |
| 29 | 40 | F | AT | V | Fechada | 13 | 125 | −10 | 75 |
| 30 | 24 | F | Queda | VI | III B | 12 | 90 | −5 | 77 |
| 31 | 22 | F | AT | V | Fechada | 15 | 100 | −15 | 78 |
| 32 | 32 | F | AT | V | II | 16 | 120 | −5 | 79 |
| 33 | 61 | F | Queda | VI | Fechada | 17 | 110 | −10 | 80 |
| 34 | 24 | F | AT | VI | I | 19 | 125 | 0 | 81 |
| 35 | 33 | F | AT | V | Fechada | 12 | 90 | −15 | 82 |
| 36 | 44 | M | AT | VI | Fechada | 14 | 120 | −5 | 83 |
| 37 | 32 | M | Queda | V | I | 13 | 110 | −5 | 82 |
| 38 | 32 | M | AT | V | II | 16 | 115 | −5 | 77 |
| 39 | 32 | M | AT | V | II | 14 | 90 | −10 | 76 |
| 40 | 37 | M | Queda | VI | III A | 17 | 90 | −10 | 75 |
| 41 | 62 | M | AT | VI | Fechada | 19 | 100 | −5 | 78 |
| 42 | 32 | M | AT | VI | I | 18 | 100 | −5 | 79 |
| 43 | 26 | M | Queda | V | Fechada | 14 | 115 | −5 | 83 |
| 44 | 50 | M | AT | VI | Fechada | 13 | 125 | 0 | 60 |
| 45 | 33 | M | AT | VI | Fechada | 15 | 100 | −10 | 65 |
| 46 | 45 | M | AT | VI | I | 16 | 125 | −5 | 66 |
| 47 | 65 | M | Trauma direto | V | Fechada | 18 | 100 | −10 | 67 |
| 48 | 26 | F | AT | VI | Fechada | 12 | 100 | −10 | 70 |
| 49 | 50 | M | AT | VI | Fechada | 15 | 125 | 0 | 72 |
| 50 | 33 | F | AT | VI | III A | 17 | 85 | −15 | 73 |
| 51 | 45 | M | AT | V | Fechada | 13 | 100 | −10 | 66 |
| 52 | 65 | M | AT | VI | Fechada | 18 | 90 | −15 | 58 |
Abreviaturas: ADM, amplitude de movimento; AKS, American Knee Society; AT, acidente de trânsito.
Fig. 4Boa consolidação é vista após a remoção da estrutura Ilizarov com parafuso esponjoso canelado com arruela in situ.