Rie Kishida1, Kazumasa Yamagishi2,3,4, Koutatsu Maruyama5, Chika Okada6, Mari Tanaka6,7, Ai Ikeda8, Mina Hayama-Terada9, Yuji Shimizu10, Isao Muraki6, Mitsumasa Umesawa11, Hironori Imano10,6,7, Eric J Brunner12, Tomoko Sankai13, Takeo Okada10, Akihiko Kitamura9, Masahiko Kiyama10, Hiroyasu Iso6,14. 1. Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan. 2. Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan. yamagishi.kazumas.ge@u.tsukuba.ac.jp. 3. Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka, Japan. yamagishi.kazumas.ge@u.tsukuba.ac.jp. 4. Ibaraki Western Medical Center, Chikusei, Japan. yamagishi.kazumas.ge@u.tsukuba.ac.jp. 5. Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan. 6. Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan. 7. Department of Public Health, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan. 8. Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan. 9. Yao City Public Health Center, Osaka, Japan. 10. Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka, Japan. 11. Department of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Japan. 12. Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK. 13. Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan. 14. Institute of Global Health Policy Research, Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine whether bean intake (including soybeans) among Japanese adults is associated with risk of disabling dementia severe enough to require care under the national insurance system. METHODS: This cohort study involved 3739 individuals aged 40 to 64 years. The participants were categorized into five groups based on their dietary bean intake estimated by a 24h dietary recall. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of disabling dementia were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for potential confounding factors (smoking, drinking, and intakes of energy and fish). RESULTS: During the 59,681 person-year follow-up, 670 cases of disabling dementia were observed. A weak inverse association between bean intake and risk of disabling dementia was found; the multivariable hazard ratios (95% CIs) were 0.79 (0.62-1.00), 0.80 (0.63-1.01), 0.84 (0.67-1.06), and 0.78 (0.62-0.99) for the four groups with higher bean intake, respectively, compared with the lowest group (P for trend = 0.21). A significant inverse association was observed for dementia without a history of stroke; for the four groups with higher bean intake the multivariable hazard ratios were 0.81 (0.61-1.08), 0.70 (0.52-0.95), 0.71 (0.52-0.95), and 0.69 (0.51-0.92), respectively, (P for trend = 0.03). No such association was observed for dementia with history of stroke. The group with increased natto intake were inversely associated with risk of disabling dementia (P for trend = 0.003), but tofu intake was not (P for trend = 0.19). CONCLUSIONS: Bean intake was inversely associated with risk of disabling dementia in those without a history of stroke.
OBJECTIVE: To examine whether bean intake (including soybeans) among Japanese adults is associated with risk of disabling dementia severe enough to require care under the national insurance system. METHODS: This cohort study involved 3739 individuals aged 40 to 64 years. The participants were categorized into five groups based on their dietary bean intake estimated by a 24h dietary recall. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of disabling dementia were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for potential confounding factors (smoking, drinking, and intakes of energy and fish). RESULTS: During the 59,681 person-year follow-up, 670 cases of disabling dementia were observed. A weak inverse association between bean intake and risk of disabling dementia was found; the multivariable hazard ratios (95% CIs) were 0.79 (0.62-1.00), 0.80 (0.63-1.01), 0.84 (0.67-1.06), and 0.78 (0.62-0.99) for the four groups with higher bean intake, respectively, compared with the lowest group (P for trend = 0.21). A significant inverse association was observed for dementia without a history of stroke; for the four groups with higher bean intake the multivariable hazard ratios were 0.81 (0.61-1.08), 0.70 (0.52-0.95), 0.71 (0.52-0.95), and 0.69 (0.51-0.92), respectively, (P for trend = 0.03). No such association was observed for dementia with history of stroke. The group with increased natto intake were inversely associated with risk of disabling dementia (P for trend = 0.003), but tofu intake was not (P for trend = 0.19). CONCLUSIONS: Bean intake was inversely associated with risk of disabling dementia in those without a history of stroke.