Madeleine Jade Bremer1, Kerri Lynn Knippen2. 1. Food Service Director and Community Nutrition Educator, Camp Beechpoint 3212 125th Ave, Allegan, Michigan, USA. 2. Department of Public & Allied Health, Bowling Green State University, 122 Health & Human Services Building, Bowling Green, OH, USA. kknippe@bgsu.edu.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Evidence of opioid use at hospital delivery has increased over the past two decades, increasing risk of neonatal withdrawal. Breastfeeding may improve infant outcomes, but little is known about breastfeeding experiences of women who have a history of opioid use prior to or during pregnancy. This study aimed to determine if self-reported opioid use prior to or during pregnancy impacted breastfeeding, specifically attempt to breastfeed, duration of breastfeeding, assessment of prenatal breastfeeding intention, source of breastfeeding information, and early hospital experiences. METHODS: Data from ten states (n = 10,550) that evaluated opioid use in the 2016 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System survey were included. Weighted univariate and multivariate linear and logistic regression were calculated. The multivariate regression also included adjustment for covariates. RESULTS: Among the overall sample, 939 participants reported opioid exposure before or during pregnancy. We found no significant difference in breastfeeding attempt. Breastfeeding for at least 6, 10, or 20 weeks was significantly less likely in participants reporting opioid exposure. Exposure correlated with lower odds of skin-to-skin contact, infant being fed in the first hour, exclusive breastfeeding in the hospital, and feeding on demand. Hospital pacifier use was associated with opioid exposure. CONCLUSION: While we found no difference in breastfeeding attempt, we did observe significant differences in breastfeeding duration and early hospital experiences which may represent modifiable gaps in clinical practice. Future work should focus on optimizing early hospital experiences and support when breastfeeding is clinically indicated.
INTRODUCTION: Evidence of opioid use at hospital delivery has increased over the past two decades, increasing risk of neonatal withdrawal. Breastfeeding may improve infant outcomes, but little is known about breastfeeding experiences of women who have a history of opioid use prior to or during pregnancy. This study aimed to determine if self-reported opioid use prior to or during pregnancy impacted breastfeeding, specifically attempt to breastfeed, duration of breastfeeding, assessment of prenatal breastfeeding intention, source of breastfeeding information, and early hospital experiences. METHODS: Data from ten states (n = 10,550) that evaluated opioid use in the 2016 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System survey were included. Weighted univariate and multivariate linear and logistic regression were calculated. The multivariate regression also included adjustment for covariates. RESULTS: Among the overall sample, 939 participants reported opioid exposure before or during pregnancy. We found no significant difference in breastfeeding attempt. Breastfeeding for at least 6, 10, or 20 weeks was significantly less likely in participants reporting opioid exposure. Exposure correlated with lower odds of skin-to-skin contact, infant being fed in the first hour, exclusive breastfeeding in the hospital, and feeding on demand. Hospital pacifier use was associated with opioid exposure. CONCLUSION: While we found no difference in breastfeeding attempt, we did observe significant differences in breastfeeding duration and early hospital experiences which may represent modifiable gaps in clinical practice. Future work should focus on optimizing early hospital experiences and support when breastfeeding is clinically indicated.
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