Ventilation performance using a self-inflating anesthesia bag: effect of operator characteristics.

Adequate ventilation is required for successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Operator characteristics that influence ventilation performance are not well defined. This study compared ventilation performance and operator characteristics in 74 medical personnel using a self-inflating anesthesia bag. Ventilation device, operator hand size, ventilation technique, average tidal volume, cumulative minute ventilation, and ventilation pressures were recorded during 3 minutes of ventilation. Ventilation volumes and airway pressures were not correlated with hand size or device type. Techniques that used one hand to squeeze the bag resulted in significantly lower average tidal volume than two-handed techniques, with no significant difference in peak or average airway pressure. There was no difference between emergency department and prehospital personnel in average tidal volume delivered. However, prehospital personnel ventilated at significantly higher airway pressures. Emergency department nurses delivered the greatest average tidal volume (923 cc), while emergency department physicians delivered the least (775 cc). Paramedics recorded the highest airway pressures (average, 53 cm H2O; peak, 72 cm H2O), while respiratory therapists recorded the lowest pressures (average, 34 cm H2O; peak, 54 cm H2O). Ventilation during CPR is a complex, learned skill. Large variation exists among different operators. However, appropriate tidal volumes can be delivered using safe airway pressures. Ongoing assessment and retraining of individuals performing ventilation during CPR are essential.