Akhilesh Krishna1,2, Vineeta Singh3,4, Nishtha Singh5, Shraddha Singh6, Sujit Kumar Mohanty7,8, Rajender Singh7, Vijay Kumar9, Uma Shankar Singh10, Rakesh Kumar Singh11. 1. Department of Physiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India. akhil.kgmc@gmail.com. 2. Speciality of Pathology and Cancer Genetics, Kalyan Singh Super Speciality Cancer Institute, Lucknow, UP, India. akhil.kgmc@gmail.com. 3. Department of Physiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India. 4. Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, UP, India. 5. Department of Microbiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India. 6. Department of Physiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India. drshraddha.22@gmail.com. 7. Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India. 8. Indiana Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA. 9. Department of Surgical Oncology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India. 10. Department of Pathology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India. 11. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Beta 2-Adrenergic Receptor (β2-AR) is significantly overexpressed in various types of malignancies, which is associated with the worst prognosis. However, the role of β2-AR in oral cancer is not well identified. The present study aimed at investigating the β2-AR gene expression and its significance in relation with the clinicopathological features and overall survival of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry, western blot and quantitative real-time PCR techniques were used to analyze β2-AR protein and mRNA levels in a total of 65 histopathologically confirmed OSCC tissues (case group) and 65 normal tissues (control group) from the oral cavity. RESULTS: Out of the total of 65 OSCC tissues, 41 tissues (63.1%) exhibited high expression for β2-AR protein. Percent positivity and relative density (mean ± SD) of protein were higher in the case group as compared to the control group (positivity 40.31 ± 3.01 vs. 20.46 ± 1.93, p < 0.001; density 2.77 ± 1.17 vs. 1.28 ± 0.37, p < 0.001). In addition, β2-AR mRNA level was also upregulated in patients compared to the controls (2.36 ± 1.30 vs. 1.09 ± 0.42, p < 0.001) and showed a positive correlation with immunostaining of protein in OSCC (r = 0.48, p = 0.011). High β2-AR protein expression was significantly associated with multiple risk habits (p = 0.045), histological differentiation (p = 0.013), clinical TNM stages (p = 0.014), and poor survival (p = 0.006) of patients. In the Cox proportional hazards model, β2-AR was identified as a prognostic biomarker of OSCC (p = 0.047). CONCLUSION: β2-AR protein level is identified as an independent significant prognostic factor in patients with oral carcinoma.
PURPOSE: Beta 2-Adrenergic Receptor (β2-AR) is significantly overexpressed in various types of malignancies, which is associated with the worst prognosis. However, the role of β2-AR in oral cancer is not well identified. The present study aimed at investigating the β2-AR gene expression and its significance in relation with the clinicopathological features and overall survival of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry, western blot and quantitative real-time PCR techniques were used to analyze β2-AR protein and mRNA levels in a total of 65 histopathologically confirmed OSCC tissues (case group) and 65 normal tissues (control group) from the oral cavity. RESULTS: Out of the total of 65 OSCC tissues, 41 tissues (63.1%) exhibited high expression for β2-AR protein. Percent positivity and relative density (mean ± SD) of protein were higher in the case group as compared to the control group (positivity 40.31 ± 3.01 vs. 20.46 ± 1.93, p < 0.001; density 2.77 ± 1.17 vs. 1.28 ± 0.37, p < 0.001). In addition, β2-AR mRNA level was also upregulated in patients compared to the controls (2.36 ± 1.30 vs. 1.09 ± 0.42, p < 0.001) and showed a positive correlation with immunostaining of protein in OSCC (r = 0.48, p = 0.011). High β2-AR protein expression was significantly associated with multiple risk habits (p = 0.045), histological differentiation (p = 0.013), clinical TNM stages (p = 0.014), and poor survival (p = 0.006) of patients. In the Cox proportional hazards model, β2-AR was identified as a prognostic biomarker of OSCC (p = 0.047). CONCLUSION: β2-AR protein level is identified as an independent significant prognostic factor in patients with oral carcinoma.
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