Danielle E Haslam1,2, Daniel I Chasman3,4, Gina M Peloso5, Mark A Herman6, Josée Dupuis5,7, Alice H Lichtenstein8, Caren E Smith9, Paul M Ridker3,4,10, Paul F Jacques1, Samia Mora3,4,10, Nicola M McKeown11. 1. Nutritional Epidemiology Program, Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA. 2. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. 3. Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. 4. Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. 5. Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. 6. Division Of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA. 7. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study and Population Sciences Branch, Framingham, MA, USA. 8. Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA. 9. Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA. 10. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. 11. Programs of Nutrition, Department of Health Sciences: Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Prospective cohort studies have found a relation between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption (SSB; sodas and fruit drinks) and dyslipidemia. There is limited evidence linking SSB consumption to emerging features of dyslipidemia, which can be characterized by variation in lipoprotein particle size, remnant-like particle (RLP), and apolipoprotein concentrations. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between SSB consumption and plasma lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein, and lipoprotein particle size concentrations among US adults. METHODS: We examined participants from the Framingham Offspring Study (FOS) (1987-1995; n = 3047) and the Women's Health Study (1992; n = 26,218). Plasma LDL-C, apolipoprotein (apo) B, HDL-C, apoA1, triglyceride (TG), non-HDL-C, total: HDL-cholesterol ratio, and apoB: apoA1 concentrations were quantified in both cohorts, and apoE, apoC3, RLP-TG, and RLP-cholesterol concentrations in FOS only. Lipoprotein particle sizes were calculated from NMR signals for lipoprotein particle subclass concentrations (triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles [TRL-P; very large, large, medium, small, and very small], LDL-particles [LDL-P; large, medium, and small], HDL-particles [HDL-P; large, medium, and small]). SSB consumption was estimated from food frequency questionnaire data. We examined the associations between SSB consumption and all lipoprotein and apoprotein measures in linear regression models, adjusting for confounding factors, such as lifestyle, diet, and traditional lipoprotein risk factors. RESULTS: SSB consumption was positively associated with LDL-C, apoB, TG, RLP-TG, RLP-C, non-HDL-C concentrations and total: HDL cholesterol and apoB: apoA1 ratio, and negatively associated with HDL-C and apoA1 concentrations (P-trend ranges from < 0.0001 to 0.003). After adjustment for traditional lipoprotein risk factors, SSB consumers had smaller LDL-P and HDL-P sizes, lower concentrations of large LDL-P and medium HDL-P, and higher concentrations of small LDL-P, small HDL-P, and large TRL-P (P-trend ranges from < 0.0001 to 0.0009). CONCLUSIONS: Higher SSB consumption was associated with multiple emerging features of dyslipidemia that have been linked to higher cardiometabolic risk in US adults.
BACKGROUND: Prospective cohort studies have found a relation between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption (SSB; sodas and fruit drinks) and dyslipidemia. There is limited evidence linking SSB consumption to emerging features of dyslipidemia, which can be characterized by variation in lipoprotein particle size, remnant-like particle (RLP), and apolipoprotein concentrations. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between SSB consumption and plasma lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein, and lipoprotein particle size concentrations among US adults. METHODS: We examined participants from the Framingham Offspring Study (FOS) (1987-1995; n = 3047) and the Women's Health Study (1992; n = 26,218). Plasma LDL-C, apolipoprotein (apo) B, HDL-C, apoA1, triglyceride (TG), non-HDL-C, total: HDL-cholesterol ratio, and apoB: apoA1 concentrations were quantified in both cohorts, and apoE, apoC3, RLP-TG, and RLP-cholesterol concentrations in FOS only. Lipoprotein particle sizes were calculated from NMR signals for lipoprotein particle subclass concentrations (triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles [TRL-P; very large, large, medium, small, and very small], LDL-particles [LDL-P; large, medium, and small], HDL-particles [HDL-P; large, medium, and small]). SSB consumption was estimated from food frequency questionnaire data. We examined the associations between SSB consumption and all lipoprotein and apoprotein measures in linear regression models, adjusting for confounding factors, such as lifestyle, diet, and traditional lipoprotein risk factors. RESULTS: SSB consumption was positively associated with LDL-C, apoB, TG, RLP-TG, RLP-C, non-HDL-C concentrations and total: HDL cholesterol and apoB: apoA1 ratio, and negatively associated with HDL-C and apoA1 concentrations (P-trend ranges from < 0.0001 to 0.003). After adjustment for traditional lipoprotein risk factors, SSB consumers had smaller LDL-P and HDL-P sizes, lower concentrations of large LDL-P and medium HDL-P, and higher concentrations of small LDL-P, small HDL-P, and large TRL-P (P-trend ranges from < 0.0001 to 0.0009). CONCLUSIONS: Higher SSB consumption was associated with multiple emerging features of dyslipidemia that have been linked to higher cardiometabolic risk in US adults.