| Literature DB >> 35903844 |
Haixiang Hong1, Kunpeng Zang1,2, Yuanyuan Chen1,2, Yi Lin1,2, Jiaxin Li1, Xuemei Qing1, Shanshan Qiu1, Haoyu Xiong1, Kai Jiang1, Shuangxi Fang1,2.
Abstract
China is approaching a critical period of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. To assess the impact of carbon peak and carbon neutrality measures, an accurate understanding of the variations of the spatial and temporal distribution of greenhouse gases is crucial. Gas chromatography, a classical approach for greenhouse gas observation, can be employed for the high-precision analysis of partial greenhouse gases. In this research, a new greenhouse gas analytical system capable of measuring five gases (CH4, CO, CO2, N2O and SF6) on a single instrument was developed based on the traditional gas chromatography approach. The following are the chromatographic operation conditions. The carrier gases were high purity N2(99.999%) and argon-methane (5% methane in argon, 99.9999%), and a stainless steel switching valve triggered the injection. Compressed CH4, CO, CO2, N2O and SF6 mixed standard gases were stored in a 0.029 m3 aluminum alloy steel cylinder for this experiment. After numerous rounds of calibration by Greenhouse Gas Laboratory of Atmospheric Sounding Center of China Meteorological Administration, the gas scale met the primary standard of World Meteorological Organization (WMO). The main performance of the system, including the measurement precision, accuracy and linear response, was tested. The results showed that the detection performance of the system met the quality standards of WMO/Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW). Precision test results indicated that the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the mole fractions of CH4, CO, CO2, N2O and SF6 were 0.08%, 1.90%, 0.05%, 0.08%, and 0.66%, respectively. For the linear and accuracy test, the C1-C5 tested standard gases were employed and the deviations of five gases (CH4, CO, CO2, N2O and SF6) between the calculated mole fractions of the regression equation and calibrated mole fractions were 0.15×10-9, 0.20×10-9, 0.37×10-6, 0.35×10-9 and 0.02×10-12, respectively. For CH4, CO, CO2, N2O and SF6, the linear regression coefficients (R2) between the peak areas or heights and calibrated mole fractions were 0.9999. The linear regression residual and accuracy could roughly meet the expanded target of WMO/GAW quality control. The atmospheric greenhouse gases in the Hangzhou urban area were continuously measured from May 2021 to July 2021 using the developed system. The results revealed that atmospheric CH4, CO, CO2 and N2O have visible diurnal variation characteristics that were primarily affected by anthropogenic emissions. The target standard gases were measured every 2 h to monitor the stability of the system operation, and the gas mole fractions of the system response were routinely computed and compared with the assigned calibrated values. The results demonstrated that the system had good stability during the observation period and could meet the requirements of high-precision monitoring. The comprehensive test and trial operation results showed that the developed system had good precision, accuracy, linearity and stability.Entities:
Keywords: carbon neutral; gas chromatography (GC); greenhouse gases; on-line monitoring
Mesh:
Substances:
Year: 2022 PMID: 35903844 PMCID: PMC9404115 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2022.02011
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Se Pu ISSN: 1000-8713
图1三通道气相色谱系统示意图
系统测试标准气体的摩尔分数
| Standard gas | Numbered | CH4/10-9 | CO/10-9 | CO2/10-6 | N2O/10-9 | SF6/10-12 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tested gas | C1 | 1922.6 | 146.8 | 374.94 | 304.59 | 8.45 |
| C2 | 2047.6 | 229.4 | 408.88 | 313.27 | 9.21 | |
| C3 | 2236.8 | 255.8 | 453.38 | 332.69 | 10.86 | |
| C4 | 2431.3 | 355.3 | 497.89 | 345.84 | 12.61 | |
| C5 | 2622.3 | 428.9 | 595.47 | 349.06 | 14.16 | |
| C* | 2005.9 | 191.6 | 422.25 | 334.37 | 10.76 | |
| Working gas | W | 2005.9 | 191.6 | 422.25 | 334.37 | 10.76 |
| Target gas | T | 2075.4 | 185.6 | 414.33 | 322.27 | 10.12 |
图2CH4、CO、CO2、N2O和SF6的典型色谱图
色谱工作条件
| Channel | Detected | Quantitative | Precolumn | Analytical column | Carrier gas | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Specification | Packing | Specification | Packing | Species | Pressure/kPa | |||||||
| 1 | CH4/CO | 10 | 1.2 m, | 60-80 meshes | 1.2 m, | 60-80 meshes | high purity N2
| 103.43 (backflush | ||||
| 2 | CO2 | 5 | 1.2 m, | 60-80 meshes | 4.5 m, | 80-100 meshes | high purity N2
| 137.9 | ||||
| 3 | N2O/SF6 | 15 | 2 m, | 80-100 meshes | 2 m, | 80-100 meshes | high purity N2
| 68.95 (backflush | ||||
利用峰高或峰面积定量计算目标物得到的 摩尔分数及其偏差和RSD(n=95)
| Analyte | Average mole fraction | SD(1σ) | RSD/% |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH4 | 2005.0×10-9 | 1.70×10-9 | 0.08 |
| CO | 191.6×10-9 | 3.63×10-9 | 1.90 |
| CO2 | 422.24×10-6 | 0.20×10-6 | 0.05 |
| N2O | 334.39×10-9 | 0.26×10-9 | 0.08 |
| SF6 | 10.76×10-12 | 0.07×10-12 | 0.66 |
CH4, CO, and SF6 are quantified by peak height; N2O and CO2 are quantified by peak area.
色谱系统精密度比较
| Analyte | SDs | RSDs/% | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ref. [ | Ref. [ | This work | Ref. [ | Ref. [ | Ref. [ | This work | |||
| CH4 | 32× | 10-9 | 0.63×10-9 | 1.70×10-9 | 0.5-3.5 | - | 0.04 | 0.08 | |
| CO | - | 0.55×10-9 | 3.63×10-9 | 0.5-3.5 | - | 0.50 | 1.90 | ||
| CO2 | 1.29× | 10-6 | - | 0.20×10-6 | 0.5-3.5 | 0.4-6.6 | - | 0.05 | |
| N2O | 5× | 10-9 | 0.25×10-9 | 0.26×10-9 | - | 1.0-5.1 | 0.08 | 0.08 | |
| SF6 | - | 0.10×10-12 | 0.07×10-12 | - | - | 1.80 | 0.66 | ||
-: unmeasured.
仪器线性响应结果
| Analyte | Regression equation | R2 | Mole fraction range |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH4 | y=0.023x-0.082 | 0.9999 | 1922.6×10-9-2622.3×10-9 |
| CO | y=0.007x-0.148 | 0.9999 | 146.8×10-9-428.9×10-9 |
| CO2 | y=-0.002x2+41.295x-343.036 | 0.9999 | 374.94×10-6-595.47×10-6 |
| N2O | y=0.006x2+22.861x-1816.137 | 0.9999 | 304.59×10-9-349.06×10-9 |
| SF6 | y=1.992x+1.083 | 0.9999 | 8.45×10-12-14.16×10-12 |
y: peak height (CH4, CO, SF6) or peak area (CO2, N2O); x: mole fraction.
图3标准气体拟合残差分布
准确度测试结果
| Analyte | Regression equation | R2 | Calculated value | Calibrated value | Difference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH4 | y=0.023x-0.077 | 0.9999 | 2232.65×10-9 | 2236.8×10-9 | 0.15×10-9 |
| CO | y=0.007x-0.152 | 0.9998 | 256.0×10-9 | 255.8×10-9 | 0.20×10-9 |
| CO2 | y=-0.002x2+41.202x-321.621 | 0.9999 | 453.75×10-6 | 453.38×10-6 | 0.37×10-6 |
| N2O | y=0.023x2+11.798x+3622.442 | 0.9999 | 332.34×10-9 | 332.69×10-9 | 0.35×10-9 |
| SF6 | y=1.992x+1.066 | 0.9999 | 10.88×10-12 | 10.86×10-12 | 0.02×10-12 |
y: peak height (CH4, CO, SF6) or peak area (CO2, N2O); x: mole fraction.
图4杭州市区2021年5~7月大气中的CH4、CO、 CO2、N2O、SF6摩尔分数日变化(n=60)
图5系统试运行期间杭州市区大气的CH4、CO、CO2、N2O、SF6摩尔分数变化情况