Antimicrobial Resistance of E. coli and Salmonella Isolated from Wild Birds in a Rehabilitation Center in Turkey.

Wildlife plays a critical role as a reservoir for zoonosis especially pathogenic enteric bacteria. In this study we evaluated the presence of E. coli and Salmonella isolates from wild birds and determined their antimicrobial resistance. Intestine and fecal samples from 82 dead wild birds obtained from rehabilitation centre, were examined by microbiological analysis, antibiotic susceptibilities against of 18 antimicrobials and presence of tetracycline resistance genes by multiplex and singleplex PCR were investigated. A total of 51 E. coli were identified as well as Salmonella Kentucky and Salmonella Bisberg. A majority of the E. coli isolates were resistant to lincomysin (100%), penicilline (96.1%), kanamycin (80.4%), tetracycline (68.6%), and oxytetracycline (64.7%). All Salmonella serotypes were resistant to lincomycin, nalidixic acid and penicilline.In addition, 58.82% of E. coli isolates had phenotypic resistance to at least three or more antimicrobials. Our results indicated that the high frequency of tetracycline resistance (68.62%) due to the tet (A), tet (B), and tet (D) genes. This is the first report isolating S. Bisberg and determining antibiotic susceptibility of E.coli and Salmonella isolates from wild birds in Turkey. These results will help providing better understand of the dissemination of antibiotic resistancy in the environment, which can be used to potentially decrease spread through bird migration. Moreover, these results help assess the risk of spread of resistance from wild birds to humans.