Neuroblastoma: the case for screening infants in North America.

Neuroblastoma is a disease in which easily measured tumor markers are excreted. It is curable when diagnosed in an early stage and at an early age, and it has a high incidence relative to other serious childhood diseases. Recent advances in screening infants for neuroblastoma by detection of urinary homovanillic acid and vanillylmandelic acid, the most useful markers of neuroblastoma, are described. Based on results from Japan's mass-screening program and on the authors' observations, it is estimated that mass screening for neuroblastoma could save 260 lives annually in the United States.