Renate Krassnig1, Gloria Maria Hohenberger2, Angelika Schwarz3, Walter Prager4, Peter Grechenig5, Niels Hammer6,7,8, Marco Johannes Maier9. 1. AUVA-Rehabilitation Clinic Tobelbad, Tobelbad, Austria. 2. Department of Trauma Surgery, State Hospital Feldbach-Fürstenfeld, Ottokar-Kernstock-Straße 18, 8330, Feldbach, Austria. hohenberger.gloria@gmail.com. 3. AUVA-Trauma Hospital (UKH) Styria | Graz, Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria. 4. Department of Trauma Surgery, State Hospital Feldbach-Fürstenfeld, Ottokar-Kernstock-Straße 18, 8330, Feldbach, Austria. 5. Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria. 6. Division of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy, Gottfried Schatz Research Centre, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria. 7. Division of Medical Technology, Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology (Fraunhofer IWU), Dresden, Saxony, Germany. 8. Department of Trauma, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. 9. , Vienna, Austria.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To project the distance between the tip of the greater tubercle (GT), respectively, the proximal border of the tip of the coracoid process (CP) and the entry point of the coracobrachialis by the musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) proportionally onto the humeral length. METHODS: Sixty-six upper extremities were included in the study. The distance between the tip of the GT and the distal tip of the lateral humeral epicondyle (LE) was evaluated as the humeral length (HL). The interval between the tip of the GT and the entry point of the coracobrachialis muscle by the MCN was measured. The distance between the proximal border of the tip of the CP and the distal portion of the medial humeral epicondyle (ME) and the entry point of the MCN into the coracobrachialis were evaluated. Proportions were used to project the entry point of the coracobrachialis by the MCN along the HL, respectively, the interval between the proximal border of the tip of the CP and the distal tip of the ME. RESULTS: The entry point of the MCN into the coracobrachialis muscle can be expected at an interval between 14.9 and 33.9% of the HL (between the tip of the GT and the LE), starting from the tip of the GT. Regarding the reference line between the proximal border of the CP and the ME, the nerve's entry point was located between 14.2 and 34.4%, starting from the CP. CONCLUSION: Results represent easily applicable intervals for intraoperative localisation of the MCN.
PURPOSE: To project the distance between the tip of the greater tubercle (GT), respectively, the proximal border of the tip of the coracoid process (CP) and the entry point of the coracobrachialis by the musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) proportionally onto the humeral length. METHODS: Sixty-six upper extremities were included in the study. The distance between the tip of the GT and the distal tip of the lateral humeral epicondyle (LE) was evaluated as the humeral length (HL). The interval between the tip of the GT and the entry point of the coracobrachialis muscle by the MCN was measured. The distance between the proximal border of the tip of the CP and the distal portion of the medial humeral epicondyle (ME) and the entry point of the MCN into the coracobrachialis were evaluated. Proportions were used to project the entry point of the coracobrachialis by the MCN along the HL, respectively, the interval between the proximal border of the tip of the CP and the distal tip of the ME. RESULTS: The entry point of the MCN into the coracobrachialis muscle can be expected at an interval between 14.9 and 33.9% of the HL (between the tip of the GT and the LE), starting from the tip of the GT. Regarding the reference line between the proximal border of the CP and the ME, the nerve's entry point was located between 14.2 and 34.4%, starting from the CP. CONCLUSION: Results represent easily applicable intervals for intraoperative localisation of the MCN.