Fidelia Cascini1, Giovanna Failla1, Andriy Melnyk1. 1. Section of Hygiene and Public Health, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
Iliana Sarafian's letter opens an interesting debate on the relationship between hard-to-reach communities, public health policies, and digital technology. Based on our systematic review, the impact of information and communication technologies on the attitudes of some minority ethnic groups towards COVID-19 vaccination wasn't distinctively explored in the literature. However, due to sociodemographic, economic, and cultural determinants, individuals in low-income settings, racial and/or minority ethnic groups, and those with lower education were identified as more hesitant to vaccination.New public health strategies should be formulated through the identification of target populations that would benefit from health communication and messaging. Artificial intelligence applied to social media for microtargeted individuals or communities with technological, linguistic, or cultural barriers could improve communication during vaccination campaigns. Similar tools and approaches could be adapted to improve access and equity of care for all marginalised groups for a more inclusive public health system.