On the Ways of Political Philosophy Innovation and Popularization under the Network Environment.

From the perspective of comprehensive modernization, the Sinicization and modernization of Marxism are inseparable from the popularization of Marxism, which will promote the Sinicization and modernization of Marxism and make it more practical and vital. Time has changed, and the traditional ways and methods have faced a new pattern, but they still contain the practical value worth exploring and give full play to the contemporary function of beneficial historical experience. On the basis of drawing on historical experience, we follow the idea of establishing basic principles, focusing on important ways and looking for the development prospects, and discuss the discussion layer by layer in clear guidance, grasping the key points and thinking about the future. In today's era, with the development of the network, the popularization of Marxist philosophy has ushered in a period of opportunity for development, but at the same time, the development has also encountered some challenges. Based on the actual situation of contemporary China, in recent years, the popularization of Marxism has made great achievements, but it also presents the phenomenon of unbalanced overall development, low operation efficiency, and uneven cooling between the officials and the people. Under these conditions, popularizing network knowledge, developing network culture, improving relevant laws, and making its theories more popular are all important ways to realize the popularization of Marxist philosophy. The research on the popularization of Marxism and the academic level is more profound, while the practical practice is more lacking. In order to correct the bias of emphasizing science and theory, it is of strong practical significance to conduct in-depth theoretical research and practical discussion from the perspective of "ways and methods."

1. Introduction

Since the reform and opening up, an important change in many areas of social life is the rapid development and wide application of network technology [1]. Since the beginning of the development of network technology, it has affected all aspects of people's lives, not only profoundly changing the way of modern information dissemination, but also making earth-shaking changes in people's way of life and communication, becoming an indispensable part of modern people's life. From a global perspective, network technology is generally manifested through TV forms, mobile phone forms, and network forms. It has the characteristics of openness, interactivity, diversity, and immediacy, which can meet our various needs such as learning, communication, and entertainment. It has gradually become an important platform for us to obtain various information and interpersonal communication, and it has become a new way of life and social development trend. The main purpose of the network environment is to allow humans to understand the world from representation to ontology, as shown in Figure 1 [2]. The cognition and cultivation of political consciousness are inseparable from human perception of the relationship between nature, environment, and human society. The change of environment has a great impact on psychology. At the same time, it also has a profound impact on the establishment of values and philosophy. The change of natural environment also has an impact on human's ability to recognize and build the world. The idea of building an intelligent society also comes from the perception of the natural environment.

Figure 1

The existence and consciousness formation of the network environment.

In October 2009, the Fourth Plenary Session of the Seventeenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China required the whole party to “continuously promote the Sinicization, modernization and popularization of political philosophy Marxism” [3]. In June 2015, Liu Yunshan pointed out at the Symposium on Marxist Theory Research and Construction Engineering Work that “improve theoretical consciousness, highlight the main direction of attack, strengthen problem orientation, lead engineering work in depth, and better promote the Chineseization of Marxism and the popularization of the times.” This not only is a requirement and expectation for the implementation of the “horse project,” but also has general guiding significance [4]. In May 2016, Xi Jinping pointed out in his speech at the Symposium on Philosophy and Social Science that “an important task of my country's philosophy and social sciences is to continue to promote the Sinicization, modernization and popularization of Marxism, and continue to develop Marxism in the 21st century, contemporary Chinese Marxism.” In this context, a systematic and in-depth study of the ways and methods to promote the popularization of contemporary Chinese Marxism has important theoretical and practical significance [5].

The popularization of Marxism is a scientific proposition and a historical task related to the Marxist theory and the future and destiny of Chinese social development, and is a fundamental project to strengthen the construction of socialist ideology. Xi Jinping pointed out that “Marxism is an open theoretical system that develops with the development of the times, practice and science [6]. It does not end the truth, but opens up the road to the truth.” The specific content of Marxism is shown in Table 1. The language is clear, and it is explained in a way that the masses like to hear, so that it can be better understood and accepted by the majority of party members and the masses [7]. At the same time, Xi Jinping attaches great importance to the distinctive characteristics of the times and practical significance brought about by the progress of science and technology, emphasizing “using the Internet and big data technology to strengthen the infrastructure and informatization construction of philosophy and social sciences” [8]. We should make comprehensive use of the data resources mastered by all aspects, strengthen big data mining and analysis, and promote the popularization of Marxist philosophy through network technology.

Table 1

Basic theory of Markism.

Gist	Specific contents
Meaning of Marxism	From the knowledge achievements of creators and inheritors	Marxism is a scientific theoretical system of viewpoints and theories founded by Marx and Engels and continuously enriched and developed by their successors.
	In terms of class attributes	Marxism is a theory about the emancipation of the proletariat, the emancipation of all mankind, and the free and all-round development of everyone.
	From the research object and main content	Marxism is the scientific world outlook and methodology of the proletariat, a theory about the general laws of the development of nature, society and human thinking, and a theory about the inevitable replacement of capitalism by socialism and the ultimate realization of communism.
The basic composition and main content of Marxism	①Three basic components—Marxist philosophy, Marxist political economy, and scientific socialism, which are organically unified and together constitute the main content of the Marxist theory.②Others: It also includes many other fields of knowledge such as history, political science, law, culture, journalism, and military science and continues to enrich with the development of practice and science.
Fundamentals of Marxism	Basic position	The basic standpoint of Marxism is the fundamental standpoint and starting point for Marxism to observe, analyze, and solve problems, that is, to take the liberation of the proletariat and the liberation of all mankind as its own responsibility, to take the free and all-round development of human beings as its beautiful goal, and to take the people as the center, everything is for the people, and it depends on the public.

By analyzing the connotation of the popularization of the Marxism theory, this article understands the current situation and problems of the popularization of Marxism, and puts forward corresponding suggestions and strategies for the main existing problems.

2. Theoretical Research

2.1. Political Philosophy: The Connotation of the Popularization of Marxism

From the perspective of affiliation, the popularization of Marxism is an important component of the “three modernizations” of Marxism as an organic whole, and it is a part of the “three modernizations” of Marxism [9]. The three modernizations of Marxism mainly include sinicization, popularization, and modernization. Analysis from a multidimensional perspective is helpful to fully grasp the rich connotation of the popularization of Marxism [10]. For example, based on the theoretical perspective, some scholars believe that the popularization of Marxism consists of three aspects: Marxism “popularization,” Marxism “popularization,” and popularization of Marxism. Based on the related perspective of the “three modernizations,” some scholars have proposed that the sinicization of Marxism has become the theoretical premise and principle requirement of the popularization of Marxism, and the popularization of Marxism is the social cornerstone and mass foundation of the sinicization of Marxism. The two have their own emphasis and are closely related, forming a set of benign interactive relationships [11].

2.2. Political Philosophy: The Subject Analysis of the Popularization of Marxism

The popularization of Marxism consists of three main subjects, namely, the main body of organization and leadership, the main body of communication and transmission, and the main body of practice and acceptance [12]. The Communist Party of China, as the main body of leadership, occupies the core position in the main body system and is the leading force, backbone, and core pillar to promote the popularization of Marxism and all higher-level party committees [13]. The main body of communication and transmission of the popularization of Marxism occupies the position of undertaking and implementation in the main system, and plays the role of teaching and conveying, including propaganda departments, theoretical research institutions, party schools and administrative colleges, national education institutions, and government policy research [14]. Departments, mainstream media, mass organizations, etc., from the perspective of objects, include theoretical propaganda workers, experts and scholars, and state civil servants. The effectiveness of the popularization of Marxism can be evaluated through Table 2. The mass of the people is the main body of practice and acceptance of the popularization of Marxism, and occupies a fundamental position in the subject system. To sum up, the “three major subjects” of Marxism popularization occupy different positions and play different roles in the subject system. They not only support each other, cohere and integrate, but also play their respective advantages. Changes have an extremely important impact [15].

Table 2

The evaluation index system of the communication effectiveness of the popularization of Marxism.

Evaluation object	Evaluation indicators
The effectiveness of the popularization of Marxism	First-level indicator	Secondary indicators	Three-level indicator
	Audience capability	Insight	Timely perception of changes at the ideological level
		Judgment	Judgment about the situation
			Definition of position
		Thinking ability	Using basic theories to analyze changes in reality
		Creativity	Innovation in theory in the learning process
			Innovation in behavior in practice
	Audience attitude	Cognitive attitude	Proactively seek supportive information
			Selectively accept new perspectives
		Spiritual will	Happy spirit
			Strong-willed
	Audience behavior	Individual behavior	Regulate personal behavior
			Guide the behavior of other individuals
		Group behavior	Common values enhance team awareness
			Fully implement the socialist core value system
		Social behavior	Full implementation of the socialist concept of honor and disgrace

2.3. Political Philosophy: Characteristics of the Popularization of Marxism

The popularization of Marxism in colleges and universities first has the universal characteristics of the popularization of Marxism, such as scientific, practical, epochal, and long term, as shown in Table 3. (1) Scientific: the scientific features of the popularization of Marxism are manifested in three aspects [16]. First, it shows the scientific nature of the Marxist theory. Based on its scientifically revealing the laws of thought and movement in nature, society, and people, and through repeated practice over a long period of time, Marxism has been proved to be a scientific theoretical system, and it has also made it active on the historical stage for a long time, enduring and maintaining youthfulness. (2) vitality: the scientific nature of the Marxist theory is the premise of guaranteeing its popular scientific nature.

Table 3

Characteristics of the popularization of Marxism.

Gist	Specific contents
Wholeness	① it is the overall reflection of the three interrelated principles of Marxism to the objective world, people's cognition, people themselves, and the regularity of the development of human society.
	②It is an overall study of the logical relationship between different levels of the objective world, human cognition, human self, and the development of human society.
Epoch	① It is necessary to adhere to and develop the basic principles of Marxism on the basis of understanding the connotation of the times, grasping the characteristics of the times, and reflecting the requirements of the times.
	②Lead the times with the developing basic principles of Marxism.
Scientific and ideological	①It is the most revolutionary and scientific world outlook, methodology, and ideological theory system in the world so far, and it is an ideological weapon for people to understand the world, transform the world, and improve themselves.
	② It not only explains the world, but more importantly, it transforms the world. The basic principles of Marxism are the spiritual weapons of the proletariat and the theoretical basis of the proletarian party and its program, strategy, and tactics.
	③ It shows strong criticality and militancy. On the one hand, it has to fight back against attacks from the bourgeoisie; on the other hand, it has to fight against the wrong ideological trend of area code Marxism from within Marxism.

Second, practicality. The practical features of the popularization of Marxism are manifested in two aspects. On the one hand, Marxism is a practical science. The popularization of Marxism is not a slogan, but a real practical practice [14]. It is necessary to implement the work of the Marxist theory from abstract to concrete, from esoteric to popular to Marxist theorists and ideological and political educators, and to effectively implement Marxist theory propaganda and education in all aspects of social life (Figure 2). It shows the acceptance degree of the masses before and after the popularization of Marxist philosophy. As can be seen from the figure, before 2010, the popularization of Marxism was more accepted by the masses. After 2010, due to various problems in the popularization of Marxism, the effect of the popularization of Marxism gradually decreased.

Figure 2

Comparison of the acceptance of the masses before and after the popularization of Marxist philosophy.

(3) The times: the epochal characteristics of the popularization of Marxism are manifested in two aspects. First, Marxism keeps pace with the times. Marxism is a scientific revelation of the laws of movement of nature, society, and human thinking. Keeping pace with the times is the scientific quality of Marxism. Marxism develops continuously with the development of the times, practice, and science and always moves forward with the pace of the times [17]. Second, the methods of popularization of Marxism are of the times. It is necessary to use the current discourse system to interpret Marxism, to use new technologies and new methods to publicize and educate Marxism, so that the popularization of Marxism will always maintain a fresh power.

Fourth, long-term. The long-term nature of the popularization of Marxism is manifested in two aspects. First, the popularization of Marxism is a systematic project. The popularization of Marxism is not only limited to a small number of party members and cadres, but also to make the general public have specific cognition, emotional recognition, and guidance for Marxism [18]. From these perspectives, it is a systematic and complex project with continuous sex and long-term. Second, the popularization of Marxism is essentially an ideological activity, which also determines its complexity and long-term nature. Human thought has the characteristics of complexity and concealment. Only through long-term and continuous publicity and education can a person's thinking be changed. Coupled with the theoretical, esoteric, and boring nature of Marxist theory itself, the popularization of Marxism is a long-term process [19].

3. Challenges to the Popularization of Marxism by the Internet Environment and Analysis of Current Situation

3.1. The Challenge of the Network Environment to the Popularization of Marxism

The diversification of network information has triggered a crisis of people's beliefs. Judging from the characteristics of network media itself, it is inclusive and open, and various cultures can be exchanged and spread on the network. When different cultures communicate with each other, there will be theories of different viewpoints. Various ideas and viewpoints emerge in an endless stream, which brings new challenges to the popularization of our Marxist philosophy. Some capitalist countries have controlled the right to speak to a certain extent by virtue of their strong material and technological advantages. At the same time, due to the openness of the Internet itself, people who conduct cultural exchanges on the Internet may come from different countries and regions, and have different ideological viewpoints, some of which are negative. These will also have a certain impact on people's beliefs and even lead to people's belief crisis, which is undoubtedly a huge challenge for the realization of the popularization of Marxist philosophy. At present, the public can accept the road to popularization of Marxism, as shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3

The role path of the public accepting the popularization of Marxism.

The complexity of network information has weakened the dominance of the Marxist philosophical theory. Due to the characteristics of the network itself, the people have full autonomy on the network. As a theory, the dissemination of Marxist philosophy in the network environment will inevitably encounter doubts. In addition, the audience of the Internet is complex: it includes people of all classes and fields with different values. Some of them may be genuine learners who want to delve into Marxist philosophy, while others may be hostile elements who deliberately attack Marxist philosophy to promote other ideologies. In such a complex network environment, various cultural theories are swarming, and at the same time, various evaluations of Marxist philosophical theories are constantly appearing, which also has some adverse effects on the leading role of Marxist philosophical theories.

The low education of netizens has affected the spread of Marxist theory. In the network environment, the process of information dissemination is more difficult to control than in the past. This is mainly because, in the past, when disseminating information, it was mainly spread through some tools that the government can control. Through the network, everyone can quickly disseminate information and master the information. In this way, the government's grasp of information will inevitably decrease, and the speed and process of information dissemination will be more difficult to grasp. The survey shows that among Chinese netizens, the proportion of people with relatively low education and relatively young age is increasing, as shown in Figures 4 and 5. It can be seen that the phenomenon of low education and younger online audience is more and more obvious. The education of Chinese netizens is mainly junior high school, while the age of netizens is mainly 18–24 years old. Compared with those with higher education and older age, these people with lower education and younger people lack the ability to discriminate and process information under Internet conditions and are more likely to be affected by some negative and unhealthy information on the Internet affected. From this point of view, under this condition, how to improve the cultural level and age distribution of netizens is also an issue that cannot be ignored.

Figure 4

Distribution of educational background of netizens in my country.

Figure 5

The age structure distribution of Chinese netizens.

3.2. The Status Quo of the Popularization of Marxism

3.2.1. “Large Differences and Unbalanced Development” and Its Causes

The popularization of Marxism has the phenomenon of imbalance among groups, fields, and regions. Classified according to the audience group, in terms of the effect of popularizing Marxism, party members and cadres, especially leading cadres, are better than ordinary party members, CCP members are better than ordinary people, theoretical workers are better than nontheoretical workers, and young students and intellectuals are better than cultural ones. Low-level grass-roots workers and peasants; in terms of geographical distinction, cities are better than villages, and ethnic minority autonomous regions and ethnic minority settlements are inferior to nonethnic autonomous regions or settlements. The reasons for the above differences are as follows: first, the theoretical basis, interest, learning ability, comprehension and acceptance ability of the main audience due to academic qualifications, cultural theoretical literacy, etc. Caused by factors of orientation and political identity, such as differences in theoretical interest and whether or not party membership is formed, some are hungry and thirsty for theoretical learning, some are indifferent and absent, and some are tepid in theoretical learning. The attitude of fire and lukewarmness; the third is the influence of the environmental atmosphere, and the surrounding large environment and small environment can exert positive or negative influence. “In the fluffy hemp, it is straight and straight, the white sand is in Nirvana, and it is dark with it.” The more opportunities you can enjoy, higher the level of theoretical education, such as high-level academic lectures; ordinary people will not be able to listen to them; fifth, factors such as religious beliefs play a role, such as in areas where ethnic minorities live, and some people already believe in Tibetan Buddhism. For such groups, under the premise of respecting their freedom of religious belief, persuading them to accept and accept Marxist theory will naturally add and increase the difficulty of education and guidance.

3.2.2. Emphasis on Form and Low Efficiency and Its Causes

On the one hand, the level of attention is not enough, and the phenomenon of formalism is common. On the surface, it is “vigorous” and “very powerful,” but in essence, it is superficial but not deep, pursuing form rather than effect. The whole shows the characteristics of “superficial, floating, empty, empty, scattered, bulky, slow,” and so on. The theoretical study and propaganda of some organs and units are mere formalities, staying at the completion of higher-level tasks and coping with higher-level inspections, and only content with writing summary materials and doing work reports. The staff engaged in the propaganda of the Marxist theory in the grass-roots communities and the vast rural areas have multiple jobs, their energy is scattered, and they are even useless. The phenomenon of “emphasizing wisdom and neglecting morality” in middle school and primary school education is ubiquitous and ubiquitous. On the other hand, due to the lack of support from a favorable environment, the inherent vitality of the various structural elements of the popularization of Marxism cannot be well stimulated. As a result, the popularization of Marxism between the subject and the object, the subject and the mediator, the subject and the object and the ring body avoids unnecessary internal friction and forms a pattern of integration, interaction, and coordinated development, and then breaks through the “obstruction” of low efficiency and low efficiency, bottleneck, which is the countermeasure we should take promptly and decisively. In order to study the specific effect of the popularization of Marxism, we can refer to the path shown in Figure 6 for analysis.

Figure 6

Hierarchical structure of the evaluation of the effectiveness of Marxist popular communication.

3.2.3. “Hot on the Top and Cold on the Bottom, Officials Hot, and People Cold” and Its Causes

There is a gap between the degree of attention and public participation in the popularization of Marxism and the expected goal. From the top, the “high-level” method of preaching even made some high-level intellectuals unwilling to accept it, resulting in a certain degree of rejection; from the bottom, a considerable number of people felt that “the truth is correct, it sounds boring, and it's useless in life.” The reasons for this are the academicization of research, the high coldness of discourse, the niche content, the Westernization of rationale, and the promotion of peddling. “Research into a school” is manifested as follows: some experts and scholars bury their heads in the pile of old papers, and these scholars ignore reality, “hide in learning and become unified,” that are keen on pure academic Marxist research, and are addicted to studying Marxism with learning discourse logic. The results are separated from actual work, from social reality, and from the actual needs of the people. As a result, there is a misunderstanding of lack of problem orientation, abandonment of realistic tendencies, and separation from the value orientation of the people. The “coldness of discourse” is manifested in the following research paradigms, such as tinkering with classic theories, or seeking out chapters and excerpts, and making small and righteous words. The result of using these arrogant and ungrounded languages can only make the people feel that Marxism is “invincible at heights” and then look at the literature and stay away from it. “Content niche” is manifested as follows: in order to highlight the so-called “innovation,” difficult, uncommon, and marginalized topics are chosen, only a few people pay attention, and there is a lack of echoes from the general public. “Westernization of rationale” is manifested as follows: using the concept of “words must be called Greece,” preferring to borrow and apply Western theories to interpret Marxism far-fetched. “Propaganda and peddling” is manifested as follows: not paying attention to guidance, adopting one-way indoctrination. In a word, the research style, form, content, argumentation, and propaganda methods have created a great gap between the public and the Marxist theory, the asymmetry of the upper and lower heat.

4. Analysis of the Ways to Promote the Popularization of Marxist Philosophy under the Network Environment

4.1. Strengthen the Construction of Network Service Facilities, Improve the Ability to Use the Network, and Promote Marxist Philosophy to be Recognized by More People

Our country started late in the construction of network service facilities and is relatively backward. Therefore, with the continuous development of my country's reform and opening up, many aspects of the country have also achieved certain achievements. In this regard, our country should see our deficiencies in network information technology and strengthen the development in this area, especially the network construction in some relatively poor areas. The inability to access the Internet accounts for a larger proportion. It is necessary to pay attention to the popularization of computer knowledge and network knowledge for these groups, strengthen the ability to use the Internet to spread Marxist philosophy, and then promote the penetration of Marxist philosophy to a wider group.

4.2. Use the Internet to Transform Abstract Theories into Easy-to-Understand Theories and Make Theories More Popular

In the process of promoting the popularization of Marxist philosophy, theoretical viewpoints and methods of dissemination of Marxist philosophy can be recognized by the people, which plays an important role in the smooth realization of the popularization of Marxist philosophy. Therefore, in the network environment, Marxist philosophy itself also needs to be optimized. Marxist philosophy can be expressed in speculative language, but it can only be communicated in popular language. Today, with the development of the Internet, we must proceed from the characteristics of the current era, change the original method of disseminating theories, and transform the boring and difficult theories into easy-to-understand readers, so that the theories are easier to understand.

4.3. Improve the Quality of Netizens and Optimize the Audience

In the process of popularization of Marxist philosophy, it is particularly important to improve the quality of netizens. In the process of popularizing Marxist philosophy, we must spread it in a way that is easy for the people to understand, so as to be accepted and mastered by the people. However, if the quality of netizens in our country is still relatively low and the cultural level is relatively low, then the understanding of Marxist philosophy and its ability to apply it will also have a certain impact. Therefore, it is also extremely important to continuously improve the quality of netizens and further optimize the audience for the popularization of Marxist philosophy.

5. Conclusion

Marxist philosophy is part of Marxism. The popularization of Marxism means that by holding some publicity activities about its theory, the basic theory of Marxism can be easier to understand, easier to be learned and used by the people, so that it can guide people's daily activities and then guide people. People rightly make changes to the world. Since Marxist philosophy belongs to one aspect of the Marxist theory, the meaning of its popularization has something in common with that of Marxism to a certain extent. Many people will think that Marxist philosophy is boring and just empty grand theory, which has no substantive effect on our actual life, and there is no need to study. In order to change this phenomenon, we must vigorously promote the process of popularization of Marxist philosophy. Based on the development of network technology and the characteristics of the network environment, promoting the popularization of Marxist philosophy has important practical significance for improving the quality and belief of our nation.