Susana Penas1,2, Teresa Araújo3,4, Ana Maria Mendonça3,4, Simão Faria3,4, Jorge Silva3,4, Aurélio Campilho3,4, Maria Lurdes Martins5, Vânia Sousa5, Amândio Rocha-Sousa5,6, Ângela Carneiro5,6, Fernando Falcão-Reis5,6. 1. Ophthalmology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, E.P.E., Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal. susanaapenas@gmail.com. 2. Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. susanaapenas@gmail.com. 3. INESC TEC - Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Porto, Portugal. 4. Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. 5. Ophthalmology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, E.P.E., Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal. 6. Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Abstract
PURPOSE: This study aims to investigate retinal and choroidal vascular reactivity to carbogen in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) patients. METHODS: An experimental pilot study including 68 eyes from 20 CSC patients and 14 age and sex-matched controls was performed. The participants inhaled carbogen (5% CO2 + 95% O2) for 2 min through a high-concentration disposable mask. A 30° disc-centered fundus imaging using infra-red (IR) and macular spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) using the enhanced depth imaging (EDI) technique was performed, both at baseline and after a 2-min gas exposure. A parametric model fitting-based approach for automatic retinal blood vessel caliber estimation was used to assess the mean variation in both arterial and venous vasculature. Choroidal thickness was measured in two different ways: the subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) was calculated using a manual caliper and the mean central choroidal thickness (MCCT) was assessed using an automatic software. RESULTS: No significant differences were detected in baseline hemodynamic parameters between both groups. A significant positive correlation was found between the participants' age and arterial diameter variation (p < 0.001, r = 0.447), meaning that younger participants presented a more vasoconstrictive response (negative variation) than older ones. No significant differences were detected in the vasoreactive response between CSC and controls for both arterial and venous vessels (p = 0.63 and p = 0.85, respectively). Although the vascular reactivity was not related to the activity of CSC, it was related to the time of disease, for both the arterial (p = 0.02, r = 0.381) and venous (p = 0.001, r = 0.530) beds. SFCT and MCCT were highly correlated (r = 0.830, p < 0.001). Both SFCT and MCCT significantly increased in CSC patients (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001) but not in controls (p = 0.059 and 0.247). A significant negative correlation between CSC patients' age and MCCT variation (r = - 0.340, p = 0.049) was detected. In CSC patients, the choroidal thickness variation was not related to the activity state, time of disease, or previous photodynamic treatment. CONCLUSION: Vasoreactivity to carbogen was similar in the retinal vessels but significantly higher in the choroidal vessels of CSC patients when compared to controls, strengthening the hypothesis of a choroidal regulation dysfunction in this pathology.
PURPOSE: This study aims to investigate retinal and choroidal vascular reactivity to carbogen in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) patients. METHODS: An experimental pilot study including 68 eyes from 20 CSC patients and 14 age and sex-matched controls was performed. The participants inhaled carbogen (5% CO2 + 95% O2) for 2 min through a high-concentration disposable mask. A 30° disc-centered fundus imaging using infra-red (IR) and macular spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) using the enhanced depth imaging (EDI) technique was performed, both at baseline and after a 2-min gas exposure. A parametric model fitting-based approach for automatic retinal blood vessel caliber estimation was used to assess the mean variation in both arterial and venous vasculature. Choroidal thickness was measured in two different ways: the subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) was calculated using a manual caliper and the mean central choroidal thickness (MCCT) was assessed using an automatic software. RESULTS: No significant differences were detected in baseline hemodynamic parameters between both groups. A significant positive correlation was found between the participants' age and arterial diameter variation (p < 0.001, r = 0.447), meaning that younger participants presented a more vasoconstrictive response (negative variation) than older ones. No significant differences were detected in the vasoreactive response between CSC and controls for both arterial and venous vessels (p = 0.63 and p = 0.85, respectively). Although the vascular reactivity was not related to the activity of CSC, it was related to the time of disease, for both the arterial (p = 0.02, r = 0.381) and venous (p = 0.001, r = 0.530) beds. SFCT and MCCT were highly correlated (r = 0.830, p < 0.001). Both SFCT and MCCT significantly increased in CSC patients (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001) but not in controls (p = 0.059 and 0.247). A significant negative correlation between CSC patients' age and MCCT variation (r = - 0.340, p = 0.049) was detected. In CSC patients, the choroidal thickness variation was not related to the activity state, time of disease, or previous photodynamic treatment. CONCLUSION: Vasoreactivity to carbogen was similar in the retinal vessels but significantly higher in the choroidal vessels of CSC patients when compared to controls, strengthening the hypothesis of a choroidal regulation dysfunction in this pathology.
Authors: M K Tittl; R F Spaide; D Wong; E Pilotto; L A Yannuzzi; Y L Fisher; B Freund; D R Guyer; J S Slakter; J A Sorenson Journal: Am J Ophthalmol Date: 1999-07 Impact factor: 5.258