Bioluminescence of Aliivibrio Fischeri in Artificial Seawater and Its Application in Fungicide Sensing.

It has been well investigated that the bioluminescence (BL) intensity of marine luminous bacteria is enhanced depending on cell density. In contrast, the correlation between seawater components and BL intensity is still a challenging subject to be addressed. In addition, the marine luminous bacteria rapidly lose the BL intensity when exposed to toxic substances, but unclear to fungicides. Herein, we introduce a new approach to investigate (i) the correlation between the components of artificial seawater (ASW) and BL intensity and (ii) the corresponding protocol to determine the susceptibility of marine luminous bacteria to fungicide using A. fischeri. The examples show that (i) ionic ingredients (K+, HCO3-, and SO42-) activate the BL cell density independently and (ii) A. fischeri cultured with the ionic ingredients shows the susceptibility to fungicide (sodium ortho-phenylphenol and imazalil). These protocols provide a new insight how to investigate the correlation between inorganic salts and BL intensity in a low cell density environment such as seawater.