| Literature DB >> 35815098 |
Werner Rath1, Lars Hellmeyer2, Panagiotis Tsikouras3, Patrick Stelzl4.
Abstract
There are currently no up-to-date evidence-based recommendations on the preferred method to induce labour after previous Caesarean section, especially for patients with unripe cervix, as randomised controlled studies are lacking. Intravenous oxytocin and misoprostol are contraindicated in these women because of the high risk of uterine rupture. In women with ripe cervix (Bishop Score > 6), intravenous administration of oxytocin is an effective procedure with comparable rates of uterine rupture to those with spontaneous onset of labour. Vaginal prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) and mechanical methods (balloon catheters, hygroscopic cervical dilators) are effective methods to induce labour in pregnant women with unripe cervix and previous Caesarean section. According to current guidelines, the administration of PGE 2 is associated with a higher rate of uterine rupture compared to balloon catheters. Balloon catheters are therefore a suitable alternative to PGE 2 to induce labour after previous Caesarean section, even though this is an off-label use. In addition to two meta-analyses published in 2016, 12 mostly retrospective cohort/observational studies with low to moderate levels of evidence have been published on mechanical methods of cervical ripening after previous Caesarean section. But because of the significant heterogeneity of the studies, substantial differences in study design, and insufficient numbers of pregnant women included in the studies, it is not possible to make any evidence-based recommendations based on these studies. According to a recent meta-analysis, the average rate using balloon catheters is approximately 53% and the average rate after spontaneous onset of labour is 72%. The uterine rupture rate was 0.2-0.9% for vaginal PGE 2 and 0.56-0.94% for balloon catheters and is therefore comparable to the uterine rupture rate associated with spontaneous onset of labour. According to the product informations, hygroscopic cervical dilators (Dilapan-S) are currently the only method which is not contraindicated for cervical ripening/induction of labour in women with previous Caesarean section, although data are insufficient. Well-designed, randomised, controlled studies with sufficient case numbers comparing balloon catheters and hygroscopic cervical dilators with mechanical methods and vaginal prostaglandin E 2 /oral misoprostol are therefore necessary to allow proper decision-making. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Entities:
Keywords: balloon catheter; hygroscopic cervical dilators; induction of labour after Caesarean section; prostaglandins; uterine rupture
Year: 2022 PMID: 35815098 PMCID: PMC9262630 DOI: 10.1055/a-1731-7441
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd ISSN: 0016-5751 Impact factor: 2.754
Table 1 Balloon catheters for the induction of labour after previous Caesarean section in women with unripe cervix: studies 2016–2021.
| Author/year | n | Balloon/filling volume | Vaginal delivery rate (%) | Uterine rupture (n/%) | Oxytocin (%) | Comparison group |
| +
Excluding the study by Atia et al. 2018 (no oxytocin): 53.3%
| ||||||
|
Kruit 2017
| 361 | Foley: 50 ml | 62 | 1/0.3 | 85.7 | Spontaneous onset of labour: n = 1198 |
|
Radan 2017
| 107 | Foley: 60 ml | 45.8 | 1/0.9 | n/s | Oxytocin with BS ≥ 6, n = 72 |
|
De Bonrostro-Torralba 2017
| 418 | DB: 80 ml | 51.4 | 5/1.2 | 72.2 | None |
|
Shah 2017
| 69 | DB: 80 ml | 50.0 | 0 | Primary: 100% | Oxytocin IV: n = 150 |
|
Vital 2018
| 105 | DB: 80 ml | 43.8 | 0 | n/s | None |
|
Wallström 2018
| 335 | Foley: 50 ml | 69.0 | 7/2.1 | 88.4 (S) | Vaginal PGE 2 gel: n = 281 vaginal delivery: 57.1% (S) uterine rupture: 5% (S) Oral misoprostol: n = 295 vaginal delivery: 69.2% (NS) uterine rupture: 2% (NS) |
|
Atia 2018
| 108 | Foley: 50 ml | 39.8 | 0 | No oxytocin | None |
|
Boisen 2019
| 304 | DB: 80 ml | 50.3 | 3/1.0 | n/s | Unsuccessful induction of labour with PGE 2 /misoprostol → DB (n = 58) without previous Caesarean section |
|
Boujenah 2019
| 59 | DB: 80 ml | 50.8 | 1/1.7 | 64 | None |
|
Sarreau 2019
| 101 | Foley: 50 ml | 50.0 | 0/0 | n/s | IV Oxytocin: n = 103 |
|
Huisman 2019
| 993 | Foley: 30–50 ml | 56.4 | 11/1.1 | 77.5 | Elective repeat Caesarean section: n = 321 uterine rupture: 0.3%, SD: 0.96 overall maternal morbidity: 7.8 vs. 4.5% (NS) |
|
Korb 2020
| 117 | DB: 10–80 ml | 57.3 | 0/0 | 76.9 |
Intracervical PGE
2
→ vaginal misoprostol:
vaginal delivery: 57.5% (NS) uterine rupture: 0.7% (NS), SD: 1.5% (NS) oxytocin: 55.1% (S) |
| Overall: | 3077 |
52.2
| 29/0.94% | 77.5 | ||
Fig. 1Fig. Osmotic cervical dilator vs. vaginal PGE 2 for cervical ripening after previous Caesarean delivery (data from 25 ). BS = Bishop Score
Table 2 Use of balloon catheters for cervical ripening/induction of labour after previous Caesarean delivery. Results of prospective/retrospective studies; there are no randomised controlled studies.
| Author/year | Study | N | Vaginal deliveries (%) | Oxytocin (%) | Uterine rupture (%) |
|
Kehl S, Rath W 2016
| meta-analysis | 1406 | 56.4 | 68.4 | 0.7 |
|
Lamourdedieu C 2016
| meta-analysis | 1278 | 58 | n/s | 0.62 |
|
Boujenah J 2019
| systematic review | 2936 | 54 | n/s | 0.56 |
| This review | systematic review (from 2016–2021) | 3077 | 53.3 | 77.5 | 0.94 |
Tab. 1 Ballonkatheter zur Geburtseinleitung nach vorangegangener Sectio bei unreifer Zervix: Studien 2016–2021.
| Autor/Jahr | n | Ballon/Füllungsvolumen | Rate vag. Geburten (%) | Uterusruptur (n/%) | Oxytocin (%) | Vergleichsgruppe |
| +
ohne Studie von Atia et al. 2018 (kein Oxytocin): 53,3%
| ||||||
|
Kruit 2017
| 361 | Foley: 50 ml | 62 | 1/0,3 | 85,7 | spontaner Wehenbeginn: n = 1198 |
|
Radan 2017
| 107 | Foley: 60 ml | 45,8 | 1/0,9 | kA | Oxytocin bei BS ≥ 6 n = 72 |
|
De Bonrostro-Torralba 2017
| 418 | DB: 80 ml | 51,4 | 5/1,2 | 72,2 | keine |
|
Shah 2017
| 69 | DB: 80 ml | 50,0 | 0 | primär: 100% | Oxytocin i.v.: n = 150 |
|
Vital 2018
| 105 | DB: 80 ml | 43,8 | 0 | kA | keine |
|
Wallström 2018
| 335 | Foley: 50 ml | 69,0 | 7/2,1 | 88,4 (S) | PGE 2 Vaginalgel n = 281 vag. Geburten: 57,1% (S) Uterusruptur: 5% (S) Misoprostol oral n = 295 vag. Geburten: 69,2% (NS) Uterusruptur: 2% (NS) |
|
Atia 2018
| 108 | Foley: 50 ml | 39,8 | 0 | kein Oxytocin | keine |
|
Boisen 2019
| 304 | DB: 80 ml | 50,3 | 3/1,0 | kA | frustrane GE mit PGE 2 /Misoprostol → DB n = 58 ohne vorangegangene Sectio |
|
Boujenah 2019
| 59 | DB: 80 ml | 50,8 | 1/1,7 | 64 | keine |
|
Sarreau 2019
| 101 | Foley: 50 ml | 50,0 | 0/0 | kA | Oxytocin i.v. n = 103 |
|
Huisman 2019
| 993 | Foley: 30–50 ml | 56,4 | 11/1,1 | 77,5 | elektive Re-Sectio n = 321 Uterusruptur: 0,3%, ND: 0,96 mütterliche Gesamtmorbidität: 7,8 vs. 4,5% (NS) |
|
Korb 2020
| 117 | DB: 10–80 ml | 57,3 | 0/0 | 76,9 |
PGE
2
intrazervikal → Misoprostol
vag. Geburten: 57,5% (NS) Uterusruptur: 0,7% (NS), ND: 1,5% (NS) Oxytocin: 55,1% (S) |
| gesamt: | 3077 |
52,2
| 29/0,94% | 77,5 | ||
Abb. 1Osmotischer Zervixdilatator vs. vaginales PGE 2 zur Zervixreifung nach Sectio (Daten aus 25 ). BS = Bishop Score
Tab. 2 Ballonkatheter zur Zervixreifung/Geburtseinleitung nach vorangegangener Sectio. Ergebnisse aus prospektiven/retrospektiven Studien: keine RCT.
| Autor/Jahr | Studie | n | vaginale Geburt (%) | Oxytocin (%) | Uterusruptur (%) |
|
Kehl S, Rath W 2016
| Metaanalyse | 1406 | 56,4 | 68,4 | 0,7 |
|
Lamourdedieu C 2016
| Metaanalyse | 1278 | 58 | kA | 0,62 |
|
Boujenah J 2019
| syst. Review | 2936 | 54 | kA | 0,56 |
| dieses Review | syst. Review (von 2016–2021) | 3077 | 53,3 | 77,5 | 0,94 |