Advances in immunotherapy and molecular targeted therapy of gestational trophoblastic tumor: current practice and future perspectives.

Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) is a rare pregnancy-related gynecological malignancy caused by abnormal proliferation of placental trophoblastic cells. It can invade the uterine muscle layer and metastasize early, more common in women of childbearing age. GTN is invasive and can destroy surrounding tissues and blood vessels, causing massive bleeding in uterus and metastatic sites (such as lung, liver, brain, etc.) through blood transfer. Chemotherapy is the main treatment for GTN, and the disease is extremely sensitive to chemotherapy and can be cured by chemotherapy. However, in clinical practice, a large number of patients have failed chemotherapy or even multiple treatments due to drug resistance, recurrence or metastasis of special sites. Therefore, how to individually select the initial chemotherapy regimen and reduce the occurrence of drug resistance is the key to the treatment of high-risk GTN. With the remarkable efficacy of immunotherapy in endometrial cancer, cervical cancer and other diseases, the research on GTN has been further deepened. Therefore, this review discusses the mechanism, methods and efficacy of GTN immunotherapy and molecular targeted therapy, in order to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of GTN. AJCR