Janice Ying Qian Ong1, Sumaiyah Mat1,2, Sheng Hui Kioh1,3, Kejal Hasmuk1,4, Nor'izzati Saedon1,4, Hazlina Mahadzir5, Ai-Vyrn Chin1,4, Shahrul Bahyah Kamaruzzaman1,4, Maw Pin Tan6,7,8. 1. Ageing and Age-Associated Disorders Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2. Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 3. Department of Chiropractic, Centre for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CCAM), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 4. Geriatric Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 5. Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 6. Ageing and Age-Associated Disorders Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. mptan@ummc.edu.my. 7. Geriatric Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. mptan@ummc.edu.my. 8. Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya , Selangor, Malaysia. mptan@ummc.edu.my.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To determine the risk of adverse outcomes among prefrail and frail individuals with and without cognitive impairment as well as those with isolated cognitive impairment compared to robust individuals without cognitive impairment. METHODS: Data from the Malaysian elders longitudinal research (MELoR) study were utilised. Baseline data were obtained from home-based computer-assisted interviews and hospital-based health-checks from 2013 to 2015. Protocol of MELoR study has been described in previous study (Lim in PLoS One 12(3):e0173466, 2017). Follow-up interviews were conducted in 2019 during which data on the adverse outcomes of falls, sarcopenia, hospitalization, and memory worsening were obtained. Sarcopenia at follow-up was determined using the strength, assistance with walking, rising from a chair, climbing stairs, and falls (SARC-F) questionnaire. RESULTS: Follow-up data was available for 776 participants, mean (SD) age 68.1 (7.1) years and 57.1% women. At baseline, 37.1% were robust, 12.8% had isolated cognitive impairment, 24.1% were prefrail, 1.0% were frail, 20.2% were prefrail with cognitive impairment, and 4.8% had CF. Differences in age, ethnicity, quality of life, psychological status, function and comorbidities were observed across groups. The association between CF with hospitalisation and falls compared to robust individuals was attenuated by ethnic differences. Pre-frail individuals were at increased risk of memory worsening compared robust individuals [aOR(95%CI) = 1.69 (1.09-2.60)]. Frail [7.70 (1.55-38.20)], prefrail with cognitive impairment [3.35 (1.76-6.39)] and CF [6.15 (2.35-16.11)] were significantly more likely to be sarcopenic at 5-year follow-up compared to the robust group. CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive frailty was an independently predictor of sarcopenia at 5-year follow-up. The relationship between CF with falls and hospitalization, however, appeared to be accounted for by ethnic disparities. Future studies should seek to unravel the potential genetic and lifestyle variations between ethnic groups to identify potential interventions to reduce the adverse outcomes associated with CF.
PURPOSE: To determine the risk of adverse outcomes among prefrail and frail individuals with and without cognitive impairment as well as those with isolated cognitive impairment compared to robust individuals without cognitive impairment. METHODS: Data from the Malaysian elders longitudinal research (MELoR) study were utilised. Baseline data were obtained from home-based computer-assisted interviews and hospital-based health-checks from 2013 to 2015. Protocol of MELoR study has been described in previous study (Lim in PLoS One 12(3):e0173466, 2017). Follow-up interviews were conducted in 2019 during which data on the adverse outcomes of falls, sarcopenia, hospitalization, and memory worsening were obtained. Sarcopenia at follow-up was determined using the strength, assistance with walking, rising from a chair, climbing stairs, and falls (SARC-F) questionnaire. RESULTS: Follow-up data was available for 776 participants, mean (SD) age 68.1 (7.1) years and 57.1% women. At baseline, 37.1% were robust, 12.8% had isolated cognitive impairment, 24.1% were prefrail, 1.0% were frail, 20.2% were prefrail with cognitive impairment, and 4.8% had CF. Differences in age, ethnicity, quality of life, psychological status, function and comorbidities were observed across groups. The association between CF with hospitalisation and falls compared to robust individuals was attenuated by ethnic differences. Pre-frail individuals were at increased risk of memory worsening compared robust individuals [aOR(95%CI) = 1.69 (1.09-2.60)]. Frail [7.70 (1.55-38.20)], prefrail with cognitive impairment [3.35 (1.76-6.39)] and CF [6.15 (2.35-16.11)] were significantly more likely to be sarcopenic at 5-year follow-up compared to the robust group. CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive frailty was an independently predictor of sarcopenia at 5-year follow-up. The relationship between CF with falls and hospitalization, however, appeared to be accounted for by ethnic disparities. Future studies should seek to unravel the potential genetic and lifestyle variations between ethnic groups to identify potential interventions to reduce the adverse outcomes associated with CF.
Authors: Ziad S Nasreddine; Natalie A Phillips; Valérie Bédirian; Simon Charbonneau; Victor Whitehead; Isabelle Collin; Jeffrey L Cummings; Howard Chertkow Journal: J Am Geriatr Soc Date: 2005-04 Impact factor: 5.562
Authors: Shelly L Gray; Melissa L Anderson; Rebecca A Hubbard; Andrea LaCroix; Paul K Crane; Wayne McCormick; James D Bowen; Susan M McCurry; Eric B Larson Journal: J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci Date: 2013-02-18 Impact factor: 6.053
Authors: E Kelaiditi; M Cesari; M Canevelli; G Abellan van Kan; P-J Ousset; S Gillette-Guyonnet; P Ritz; F Duveau; M E Soto; V Provencher; F Nourhashemi; A Salvà; P Robert; S Andrieu; Y Rolland; J Touchon; J L Fitten; B Vellas Journal: J Nutr Health Aging Date: 2013-09 Impact factor: 4.075