Livia Alvarenga1, Maíra S Ferreira2, Julie A Kemp3, Denise Mafra4,5. 1. Post Graduation Program in Medical Sciences, (UFF), Federal Fluminense University, Unidade de Pesquisa Clínica. Rua Marques Do Paraná, 303, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil. liviaalvarenga92@gmail.com. 2. Post Graduation Program in Science of Nutrition, Sports and Metabolism, Faculty of Applied Sciences - State, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo (SP), Brazil. 3. Post Graduation Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói- Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil. 4. Post Graduation Program in Medical Sciences, (UFF), Federal Fluminense University, Unidade de Pesquisa Clínica. Rua Marques Do Paraná, 303, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil. 5. Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This narrative review aimed to explore the functions of betaine and discuss its role in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). RECENT FINDINGS: Some studies on CKD animal models have shown the benefits of betaine supplementation, including decreased kidney damage, antioxidant recovery status, and decreased inflammation. Betaine (N-trimethylglycine) is an N-trimethylated amino acid with an essential regulatory osmotic function. Moreover, it is a methyl donor and has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Additionally, betaine has positive effects on intestinal health by regulating the osmolality and gut microbiota. Due to these crucial functions, betaine has been studied in several diseases, including CKD, in which betaine plasma levels decline with the progression of the disease. Low betaine levels are linked to increased kidney damage, inflammation, oxidative stress, and intestinal dysbiosis. Furthermore, betaine is considered an essential metabolite for identifying CKD stages.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This narrative review aimed to explore the functions of betaine and discuss its role in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). RECENT FINDINGS: Some studies on CKD animal models have shown the benefits of betaine supplementation, including decreased kidney damage, antioxidant recovery status, and decreased inflammation. Betaine (N-trimethylglycine) is an N-trimethylated amino acid with an essential regulatory osmotic function. Moreover, it is a methyl donor and has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Additionally, betaine has positive effects on intestinal health by regulating the osmolality and gut microbiota. Due to these crucial functions, betaine has been studied in several diseases, including CKD, in which betaine plasma levels decline with the progression of the disease. Low betaine levels are linked to increased kidney damage, inflammation, oxidative stress, and intestinal dysbiosis. Furthermore, betaine is considered an essential metabolite for identifying CKD stages.
Authors: Daniel T Dibaba; Karen C Johnson; Anna M Kucharska-Newton; Katie Meyer; Steven H Zeisel; Aurelian Bidulescu Journal: Diabetes Care Date: 2020-09-08 Impact factor: 19.112
Authors: Denise Mafra; Marta Esgalhado; Natalia A Borges; Ludmila F M F Cardozo; Milena B Stockler-Pinto; Hannah Craven; Sarah J Buchanan; Bengt Lindholm; Peter Stenvinkel; Paul G Shiels Journal: J Nutr Date: 2019-03-01 Impact factor: 4.798