| Literature DB >> 35791601 |
Xiao Yang1,2, Yiwen Wan1,2, Huawei Huang1,2, Wenwen Suo2, Wei Xiao2, Xiaoling Li1,2.
Abstract
Nitroimidazoles (NMZs) are a crucial group of antibacterial compounds from a historical perspective. In the past, they were used for treating and preventing parasitic infections in fish. Benzodiazepines (BZDs) are second-generation sedative-hypnotics. Some fish farmers or vendors use them illegally to keep aquatic products fresh during the transportation of aquatic animals. Aquatic products are one of the most common food sources of protein and can be contaminated by NMZs and BZDs, which could impact humans through the food chain. Until recently, there was limited information on the simultaneous determination of NMZs and BZDs. Thus, it is critical to accurately quantify NMZs and BZDs for risk assessment and risk monitoring of food safety. For the simultaneous determination of five nitroimidazoles and six benzodiazepines in aquatic products, a new approach based on the dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was developed. First, the samples were extracted with acetonitrile containing 1% (v/v) ammonium hydroxide, and the extracts were purified using dSPE with C18 and primary secondary amine sorbents. Second, the extracts were collected and dried at 45 ℃ under nitrogen flow. Finally, the extracts were redissolved in 1 mL methanol-water (1∶9, v/v) mixture, filtered through a nylon-66 microfiltration membrane, and analyzed using UHPLC-MS/MS. The separation of compounds was conducted on a Kinetex F5 column (100 mm×3.0 mm, 2.6 μm) using gradient elution with 1% (v/v) formic acid aqueous solution and methanol as the mobile phase. The analytes were detected using MS/MS with positive electrospray ionization (ESI+) source under the multiple reaction monitoring modes. The matrix-matched external standard approach was used for quantitative analysis. The compounds of five nitroimidazoles and six benzodiazepines could be examined within 8.5 min. Under the optimal conditions, the standard curves were linear in the range of 0.5-20 μg/L, with the correlation coefficients exceeding 0.995. The limits of detection and limits of quantification were 0.2-0.5 μg/kg and 0.5-1.0 μg/kg, respectively. The average recoveries at three spiked levels in blank samples (grass carp, large yellow croaker, and prawn) ranged from 73.2% to 110.6%, with relative standard deviations of less than 15%. The developed approach is simple, sensitive, fast, and inexpensive. It can be used for determining five nitroimidazoles and six benzodiazepines in aquatic products.Entities:
Keywords: aquatic products; benzodiazepines; dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE); nitromidazoles; ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS)
Mesh:
Substances:
Year: 2022 PMID: 35791601 PMCID: PMC9404111 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2022.01005
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Se Pu ISSN: 1000-8713
5种硝基咪唑类和6种苯二氮卓类药物的质谱分析参数
| Toxin | ESI mode | Parent ion (m/z) | Product ion (m/z) | Declustering potential/V | Collision energy/eV |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metronidazole | ESI+ | 172.1 | 128.0* | 75 | 21 |
| 81.9 | 34 | ||||
| Dimetridazole | ESI+ | 142.1 | 96.1* | 70 | 23 |
| 81.1 | 35 | ||||
| Ronidazole | ESI+ | 201.1 | 140.1* | 60 | 17 |
| 55.1 | 32 | ||||
| Hydroxy metronidazole (MNZOH) | ESI+ | 188.1 | 126.1* | 82 | 25 |
| 123.0 | 19 | ||||
| Hydroxy dimetridazole (HMMNI) | ESI+ | 158.1 | 140.1* | 70 | 18 |
| 55.0 | 26 | ||||
| Diazepam | ESI+ | 285.2 | 193.1* | 102 | 44 |
| 154.1 | 40 | ||||
| Nitrazepam | ESI+ | 282.2 | 236.2* | 100 | 36 |
| 180.2 | 50 | ||||
| Flurazepam | ESI+ | 388.1 | 315.1* | 110 | 35 |
| 288.1 | 37 | ||||
| Clonazepam | ESI+ | 316.1 | 270.1* | 112 | 36 |
| 214.0 | 50 | ||||
| Oxazepam | ESI+ | 287.0 | 241.1* | 100 | 32 |
| 104.0 | 45 | ||||
| Chlordiazepoxide | ESI+ | 300.1 | 283.1* | 95 | 22 |
| 227.1 | 35 |
* Quantitative ion.
图 15种硝基咪唑类和6种苯二氮卓类药物混合标准溶液的多反应监测色谱图
图 2吸附剂类型及用量对5种硝基咪唑类和6种苯二氮卓类 药物回收率的影响(n=3)
5种硝基咪唑类和6种苯二氮卓类药物在不同基质中的基质效应
| Compound | Matrix effects/% | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Grass carp | Large yellow croaker | Prawn | |
| Metronidazole | -25.8 | -20.1 | -10.4 |
| Dimetridazole | 8.9 | 10.1 | -6.2 |
| Ronidazole | 5.4 | -7.2 | -10.5 |
| MNZOH | -15.5 | -19.0 | -16.9 |
| HMMNI | 3.2 | -8.5 | -4.8 |
| Diazepam | 9.1 | 12.1 | 6.7 |
| Nitrazepam | 0.6 | -1.6 | -3.4 |
| Flurazepam | 12.7 | -7.9 | -3.6 |
| Clonazepam | 1.4 | 6.3 | 4.5 |
| Oxazepam | 6.6 | 9.5 | -0.5 |
| Chlordiazepoxide | 11.5 | -12.6 | -18.8 |
5种硝基咪唑类和6种苯二氮卓类药物的线性范围、基质匹配标准曲线、相关系数、检出限和定量限
| Compound | Grass carp | Large yellow croaker | Prawn | LOD/ | LOQ/ | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard curve | R2 | Standard curve | R2 | Standard curve | R2 | |||||
| Metronidazole | y=1.64×105x+4.51×104 | 0.9946 | y=1.77×105x+3.52×104 | 0.9971 | y=2.17×105x+4.96×104 | 0.9956 | 0.2 | 0.5 | ||
| Dimetridazole | y=3.14×105x+2.77×104 | 0.9973 | y=3.18×105x+4.76×104 | 0.9966 | y=2.71×105x+3.75×104 | 0.9965 | 0.2 | 0.5 | ||
| Ronidazole | y=2.06×105x+1.94×104 | 0.9964 | y=1.82×105x+1.06×104 | 0.9980 | y=1.75×105x+2.55×104 | 0.9963 | 0.2 | 0.5 | ||
| MNZOH | y=7.97×104x+3.10×103 | 0.9974 | y=7.60×104x+2.14×103 | 0.9974 | y=7.76×104x+6.57×103 | 0.9974 | 0.5 | 1.0 | ||
| HMMNI | y=1.53×105x+7.34×103 | 0.9982 | y=1.36×105x+5.02×103 | 0.9963 | y=1.41×105x+8.30×103 | 0.9968 | 0.5 | 1.0 | ||
| Diazepam | y=2.76×105x+2.58×104 | 0.9979 | y=2.84×105x+1.75×104 | 0.9977 | y=2.70×105x+4.36×104 | 0.9981 | 0.2 | 0.5 | ||
| Nitrazepam | y=3.33×105x+7.22×104 | 0.9977 | y=3.26×105x+5.07×103 | 0.9981 | y=3.20×105x+7.58×104 | 0.9978 | 0.2 | 0.5 | ||
| Flurazepam | y=1.81×106x+1.44×105 | 0.9971 | y=1.48×106x+2.03×105 | 0.9982 | y=1.55×106x+1.80×105 | 0.9955 | 0.2 | 0.5 | ||
| Oxazepam | y=3.43×105x+4.60×104 | 0.9993 | y=3.53×105x+3.20×104 | 0.9992 | y=3.21×105x+2.69×104 | 0.9971 | 0.2 | 0.5 | ||
| Clonazepam | y=2.91×105x+2.48×104 | 0.9971 | y=3.05×105x+1.76×104 | 0.9990 | y=3.00×105x+3.22×104 | 0.9985 | 0.3 | 1.0 | ||
| Chlordiazepoxide | y=3.86×105x+4.67×104 | 0.9955 | y=3.02×105x+2.69×104 | 0.9969 | y=2.81×105x+3.58×104 | 0.9976 | 0.3 | 1.0 | ||
y: peak area of analyte; x: mass concentration of analyte, μg/L.
不同基质中5种硝基咪唑类和6种苯二氮卓类药物的回收率和精密度(n=6)
| Compound | Spiked/(μg/kg) | Grass carp | Large yellow croaker | Prawn | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Recovery/% | RSD/% | Recovery/% | RSD/% | Recovery/% | RSD/% | ||||
| Metronidazole | 0.5 | 85.1 | 3.8 | 81.2 | 6.2 | 81.3 | 4.9 | ||
| 1.0 | 92.3 | 4.7 | 90.7 | 5.0 | 84.6 | 5.4 | |||
| 5.0 | 88.0 | 3.5 | 85.7 | 4.5 | 87.0 | 7.1 | |||
| Dimetridazole | 0.5 | 82.3 | 4.0 | 85.9 | 4.9 | 78.8 | 6.6 | ||
| 1.0 | 79.6 | 3.8 | 82.0 | 9.0 | 85.1 | 6.4 | |||
| 5.0 | 89.8 | 5.2 | 90.1 | 3.8 | 105.3 | 6.1 | |||
| Ronidazole | 0.5 | 79.4 | 3.6 | 80.2 | 3.8 | 86.6 | 4.7 | ||
| 1.0 | 88.3 | 4.9 | 83.5 | 5.2 | 80.3 | 4.1 | |||
| 5.0 | 101.5 | 3.7 | 91.7 | 8.0 | 93.4 | 10.3 | |||
| MNZOH | 1.0 | 88.8 | 7.2 | 101.2 | 10.6 | 83.6 | 6.9 | ||
| 2.0 | 94.6 | 5.3 | 105.8 | 5.4 | 95.5 | 6.7 | |||
| 10.0 | 102.0 | 3.9 | 103.4 | 4.8 | 94.1 | 5.1 | |||
| HMMNI | 1.0 | 88.2 | 6.1 | 93.5 | 9.2 | 90.1 | 7.3 | ||
| 2.0 | 93.5 | 8.0 | 102.2 | 9.6 | 101.4 | 12.1 | |||
| 10.0 | 106.6 | 3.3 | 110.6 | 5.1 | 103.5 | 5.4 | |||
| Diazepam | 0.5 | 83.3 | 5.6 | 85.5 | 5.4 | 80.0 | 6.1 | ||
| 1.0 | 92.7 | 3.8 | 86.1 | 4.6 | 84.6 | 4.0 | |||
| 5.0 | 93.8 | 3.7 | 101.2 | 6.2 | 92.3 | 4.6 | |||
| Nitrazepam | 0.5 | 90.7 | 4.4 | 86.1 | 8.1 | 82.9 | 7.3 | ||
| 1.0 | 87.6 | 4.5 | 90.5 | 5.2 | 85.4 | 6.6 | |||
| 5.0 | 89.0 | 5.7 | 92.2 | 7.8 | 84.1 | 9.4 | |||
| Flurazepam | 0.5 | 84.6 | 8.8 | 79.4 | 6.4 | 80.5 | 12.5 | ||
| 1.0 | 85.3 | 4.2 | 81.6 | 3.9 | 75.6 | 6.1 | |||
| 5.0 | 92.7 | 6.1 | 88.1 | 9.8 | 82.8 | 5.0 | |||
| Oxazepam | 0.5 | 87.2 | 6.3 | 81.3 | 4.6 | 84.6 | 10.7 | ||
| 1.0 | 95.0 | 5.9 | 94.6 | 8.2 | 101.3 | 4.8 | |||
| 5.0 | 105.8 | 2.6 | 108.2 | 5.1 | 110.5 | 3.7 | |||
| Clonazepam | 1.0 | 96.1 | 6.2 | 103.1 | 5.1 | 102.6 | 4.5 | ||
| 2.0 | 85.8 | 5.1 | 88.9 | 6.9 | 81.7 | 8.7 | |||
| 10.0 | 102.2 | 4.8 | 106.2 | 5.9 | 97.4 | 9.6 | |||
| Chlordiazepoxide | 1.0 | 80.6 | 9.1 | 73.2 | 14.3 | 78.5 | 11.1 | ||
| 2.0 | 81.3 | 6.4 | 84.1 | 7.1 | 82.6 | 5.8 | |||
| 10.0 | 86.4 | 4.7 | 82.5 | 5.2 | 84.3 | 7.3 | |||