| Literature DB >> 35785131 |
Shikha Jain1, Gautam Shetty2, Pratiksha Munje3, Anita Bhan3, Sanya Linjhara1, C S Ram4.
Abstract
Objective To determine gender-based variations in trunk range of motion (RoM) and isometric strength (IS) in symptomatic and asymptomatic young adults. Methods In this prospective case-control study, 73 subjects with low back pain (LBP) and 80 asymptomatic subjects were analyzed. Dynamometer-based device trunk RoM and IS measurements in extension, flexion, and rotation were compared in both groups and gender-based subgroups. Multivariate analysis was used to determine factors influencing trunk RoM and IS. Results Symptomatic males had significantly less extension RoM and extension, flexion, and rotation isometric trunk strength (ITS) ( p < 0.0001) compared with asymptomatic males, whereas no significant difference was found between asymptomatic and symptomatic females. However, the mean extension-flexion RoM and mean extension-flexion ITS ratios were significantly lower ( p = 0.04) in asymptomatic females compared with symptomatic females. Female gender was significantly associated with less extension and flexion ITS in both asymptomatic and symptomatic subjects. Conclusion Males with LBP had significant global ITS weakness when compared with asymptomatic males. Despite no significant ITS difference in symptomatic versus asymptomatic females, LBP caused significant extension-flexion RoM and ITS imbalance in females. These gender-based variations in trunk RoM and IS, especially the extensor-flexor IS imbalance in females, must be considered while designing rehabilitation treatment protocols for LBP. Sociedade Brasileira de Ortopedia e Traumatologia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commecial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ).Entities:
Keywords: isometric contraction; low back pain; muscle strength; range of motion, articular; spine
Year: 2021 PMID: 35785131 PMCID: PMC9246515 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1736199
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo) ISSN: 0102-3616
Comparison of demographic parameters between asymptomatic and symptomatic subjects
| Parameters |
All subjects (
|
Male (
|
Female (
| ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asymptomatic | Symptomatic | Asymptomatic | Symptomatic | Asymptomatic | Symptomatic | ||||
|
| 80 | 73 | 24 | 40 | − | 56 | 33 | − | |
| 27.9 ± 3.6 | 32.5 ± 5.2 |
| 28.1 ± 3.2 | 32.7 ± 5.2 |
| 27.8 ± 3.8 | 32.3 ± 5.2 |
| |
| 25.3 ± 4.5 | 27.3 ± 4.0 |
| 26.2 ± 5.0 | 26.8 ± 3.3 | 0.56 | 25 ± 4.3 | 27.9 ± 4.9 |
| |
|
| |||||||||
|
| 24 (34%) | 40 (55%) |
| 24 (100%) | 40 (100%) | − | − | − | |
|
| 56 (66%) | 33 (45%) | − | − | 56 (100%) | 33 (100%) | − | ||
|
| |||||||||
|
| 11 (14%) | 32 (44%) |
| 7 (29%) | 17 (42.5%) | 0.42 | 4 (7%) | 15 (45.5%) |
|
|
| 69 (86%) | 41 (56%) | 17 (71%) | 23 (57.5%) | 52 (93%) | 18 (54.5%) | |||
|
| |||||||||
|
| − | 17 (23%) | − | − | 9 (22.5%) | − | − | 8 (24%) | − |
|
| − | 56 (77%) | − | − | 31 (77.5%) | − | − | 25 (76%) | − |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; n, number of subjects.
All values presented as mean ± standard deviation (95% confidence interval) or number (percentage).
P < 0.05 is considered statistically significant (bold).
Trunk range of motion (RoM) and isometric strength in asymptomatic and symptomatic males and females
| Parameters |
All subjects (
|
Male (
|
Female (
| |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asymptomatic | Symptomatic | Asymptomatic | Symptomatic | Asymptomatic | Symptomatic | |
|
| 80 | 73 | 24 | 40 | 56 | 33 |
| 23.0 ± 6.6 | 21.0 ± 5.8 | 27.0 ± 7.1 | 21.0 ± 5.0 | 21.1 ± 5.6 | 21.3 ± 6.8 | |
| 40.2 ± 8.1 | 36.1 ± 8.3 | 39.3 ± 9.3 | 36.5 ± 8.1 | 40.6 ± 7.5 | 35.7 ± 8.6 | |
|
| 0.59 ± 0.19 | 0.61 ± 0.23 | 0.70 ± 0.21 | 0.60 ± 0.22 | 0.54 ± 0.16 | 0.63 ± 0.24 |
| 36.8 ± 10 | 36.1 ± 8.2 | 40.7 ± 9.3 | 37.2 ± 8.8 | 35.2 ± 10.0 | 34.9 ± 7.5 | |
| 35.4 ± 10.2 | 35.5 ± 7.6 | 39.6 ± 10.5 | 36.0 ± 8.3 | 33.5 ± 9.7 | 34.9 ± 6.8 | |
| 118.1 ± 73.0 | 96.6 ± 44.1 | 197.8 ± 74.8 | 108.4 ± 48.8 | 83.9 ± 36.8 | 81.6 ± 32.4 | |
| 63.8 ± 37.6 | 52.0 ± 27.5 | 101.8 ± 42.9 | 62.2 ± 29.0 | 47.5 ± 19.1 | 39.6 ± 19.9 | |
|
| 2.00 ± 1.04 | 2.19 ± 1.14 | 2.18 ± 1.28 | 2.00 ± 1.00 | 1.92 ± 0.92 | 2.39 ± 1.27 |
| 39.9 ± 30.1 | 37.7 ± 19.9 | 69.0 ± 37.9 | 43.9 ± 20.9 | 27.4 ± 13.2 | 30.2 ± 15.9 | |
| 42.8 ± 31.2 | 36.7 ± 19.1 | 75.5 ± 36.4 | 43.7 ± 19.8 | 28.9 ± 13.6 | 28.0 ± 14.1 | |
Abbreviations: n, number of subjects; Nm, Newton-meter.
All values presented as mean ± standard deviation (95% confidence interval).
Fig. 1Comparison of mean trunk range of motion (ROM) between asymptomatic and symptomatic males and females. P < 0.05 is considered statistically significant (bold).
Fig. 2Comparison of mean isometric trunk strength (ITS) between asymptomatic and symptomatic males and females. P < 0.05 is considered statistically significant (bold).
Multivariate analysis of factors affecting trunk range of motion (RoM)and isometric strength (IS) in asymptomatic subjects
| Parameters | For extension RoM | For flexion RoM | For extension IS | For flexion IS | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UC (B) | 95.0% CI for B | UC (B) | 95.0% CI for B | UC (B) | 95.0% CI for B | UC (B) | 95.0% CI for B | |||||||||
|
| 21.726 | 0.001 | 9.151 | 34.301 | 53.240 | 0.000 | 36.022 | 70.458 | −54.339 | 0.302 | −158.391 | 49.714 | −0.046 | 0.999 | −60.385 | 60.293 |
|
| 5.727 |
| 2.772 | 8.683 | −1.202 | 0.556 | −5.249 | 2.844 | 109.540 |
| 85.087 | 133.992 | 53.182 |
| 39.002 | 67.362 |
|
| 0.187 | 0.307 | −0.175 | 0.549 | −0.260 | 0.299 | −0.756 | 0.236 | 2.003 | 0.187 | −0.993 | 4.999 | 0.921 | 0.294 | −0.816 | 2.658 |
|
| 3.580 | 0.116 | −0.900 | 8.060 | 2.163 | 0.485 | −3.971 | 8.298 | −3.618 | 0.846 | −40.690 | 33.454 | −2.842 | 0.793 | −24.340 | 18.655 |
|
| −0.351 |
| −0.643 | −0.059 | −0.288 | 0.156 | −0.688 | 0.112 | 3.421 |
| 1.003 | 5.839 | 0.976 | 0.170 | −0.426 | 2.378 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; IS, isometric strength; RoM, range of motion; UC, unstandardized coefficients.
P < 0.05 is considered statistically significant (bold).
Multivariate analysis of factors affecting trunk range of motion (RoM) and isometric strength (IS) in subjects with low back pain (LBP)
| Parameters | For extension RoM | For flexion RoM | For extension IS | For flexion IS | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UC (B) | 95.0% CI for B | UC (B) | 95.0% CI for B | UC (B) | 95.0% CI for B | UC (B) | p value | 95.0% CI for B | ||||||||
|
| 29.719 | 0.000 | 16.999 | 42.439 | 53.582 | 0.000 | 35.832 | 71.331 | 129.251 | 0.006 | 39.320 | 219.182 | 22.373 | 0.416 | −32.191 | 76.937 |
|
| −0.479 | 0.739 | −3.330 | 2.372 | 0.426 | 0.831 | −3.552 | 4.404 | 28.011 |
| 7.854 | 48.167 | 22.290 |
| 10.060 | 34.519 |
|
| −0.109 | 0.428 | −0.382 | 0.164 | −0.159 | 0.409 | −0.539 | 0.222 | −1.948 |
| −3.877 | −0.019 | −0.209 | 0.723 | −1.379 | 0.962 |
|
| −0.189 | 0.271 | −0.529 | 0.151 | −0.438 | 0.070 | −0.912 | 0.036 | 0.497 | 0.681 | −1.905 | 2.898 | 0.662 | 0.368 | −0.795 | 2.119 |
|
| −0.003 | 0.777 | −0.020 | 0.015 | −0.003 | 0.804 | −0.028 | 0.022 | −0.020 | 0.750 | −0.145 | 0.105 | 0.032 | 0.404 | −0.044 | 0.108 |
|
| 0.992 | 0.488 | −1.849 | 3.832 | −0.673 | 0.736 | −4.637 | 3.291 | 4.854 | 0.631 | −15.229 | 24.938 | 8.377 | 0.175 | −3.809 | 20.562 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; IS, isometric strength; RoM, range of motion; UC, unstandardized coefficients.
P < 0.05 is considered statistically significant (bold).
Comparação de parâmetros demográficos entre indivíduos assintomáticos e sintomáticos
| Parâmetros |
Todos os indivíduos (
|
Indivíduos do sexo masculino (
|
Indivíduos do sexo feminino (
| ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assintomático | Sintomático |
Valor de
| Assintomático | Sintomático |
Valor de
| Assintomático | Sintomático |
Valor de
| |
|
| 80 | 73 | 24 | 40 | − | 56 | 33 | − | |
| 27.9 ± 3.6 | 32.5 ± 5.2 |
| 28.1 ± 3.2 | 32.7 ± 5.2 |
| 27.8 ± 3.8 | 32.3 ± 5.2 |
| |
| 25.3 ± 4.5 | 27.3 ± 4.0 |
| 26.2 ± 5.0 | 26.8 ± 3.3 | 0.56 | 25 ± 4.3 | 27.9 ± 4.9 |
| |
|
| |||||||||
|
| 24 (34%) | 40 (55%) |
| 24 (100%) | 40 (100%) | − | − | − | |
|
| 56 (66%) | 33 (45%) | − | − | 56 (100%) | 33 (100%) | − | ||
|
| |||||||||
|
| 11 (14%) | 32 (44%) |
| 7 (29%) | 17 (42.5%) | 0.42 | 4 (7%) | 15 (45.5%) |
|
|
| 69 (86%) | 41 (56%) | 17 (71%) | 23 (57.5%) | 52 (93%) | 18 (54.5%) | |||
|
| |||||||||
|
| − | 17 (23%) | − | − | 9 (22.5%) | − | − | 8 (24%) | − |
|
| − | 56 (77%) | − | − | 31 (77.5%) | − | − | 25 (76%) | − |
Abreviações: IMC, índice de massa corporal; n, número de indivíduos.
Todos os valores apresentados como média ± desvio padrão (intervalo de confiança de 95%) ou número (porcentagem).
P < 0.05 é considerado estatisticamente significativo (negrito).
Amplitude de movimento e força isométrica do tronco em indivíduos do sexo masculino e feminino assintomáticos e sintomáticos
| Parâmetros |
Todos os indivíduos (
|
Indivíduos do sexo masculino (
|
Indivíduos do sexo feminino (
| |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assintomático | Sintomático | Assintomático | Sintomático | Assintomático | Sintomático | |
|
| 80 | 73 | 24 | 40 | 56 | 33 |
| 23.0 ± 6.6 | 21.0 ± 5.8 | 27.0 ± 7.1 | 21.0 ± 5.0 | 21.1 ± 5.6 | 21.3 ± 6.8 | |
| 40.2 ± 8.1 | 36.1 ± 8.3 | 39.3 ± 9.3 | 36.5 ± 8.1 | 40.6 ± 7.5 | 35.7 ± 8.6 | |
|
| 0.59 ± 0.19 | 0.61 ± 0.23 | 0.70 ± 0.21 | 0.60 ± 0.22 | 0.54 ± 0.16 | 0.63 ± 0.24 |
| 36.8 ± 10 | 36.1 ± 8.2 | 40.7 ± 9.3 | 37.2 ± 8.8 | 35.2 ± 10.0 | 34.9 ± 7.5 | |
| 35.4 ± 10.2 | 35.5 ± 7.6 | 39.6 ± 10.5 | 36.0 ± 8.3 | 33.5 ± 9.7 | 34.9 ± 6.8 | |
| 118.1 ± 73.0 | 96.6 ± 44.1 | 197.8 ± 74.8 | 108.4 ± 48.8 | 83.9 ± 36.8 | 81.6 ± 32.4 | |
| 63.8 ± 37.6 | 52.0 ± 27.5 | 101.8 ± 42.9 | 62.2 ± 29.0 | 47.5 ± 19.1 | 39.6 ± 19.9 | |
|
| 2.00 ± 1.04 | 2.19 ± 1.14 | 2.18 ± 1.28 | 2.00 ± 1.00 | 1.92 ± 0.92 | 2.39 ± 1.27 |
| 39.9 ± 30.1 | 37.7 ± 19.9 | 69.0 ± 37.9 | 43.9 ± 20.9 | 27.4 ± 13.2 | 30.2 ± 15.9 | |
| 42.8 ± 31.2 | 36.7 ± 19.1 | 75.5 ± 36.4 | 43.7 ± 19.8 | 28.9 ± 13.6 | 28.0 ± 14.1 | |
Abreviações: n, número de indivíduos; Nm, nanômetro.
Todos os valores apresentados como média ± desvio padrão (intervalo de confiança de 95%).
Fig. 1Comparação da amplitude de movimento (ADM) do tronco média entre indivíduos do sexo masculino e feminino assintomáticos e sintomáticos. P < 0,05 é considerado estatisticamente significativo (negrito).
Fig. 2Comparação da força isométrica do tronco (FIT) média entre indivíduos do sexo masculino e feminino assintomáticos e sintomáticos. p <0,05 é considerado estatisticamente significativo (negrito).
Análise multivariada de fatores que afetam a amplitude de movimento e a força isométrica do tronco em indivíduos assintomáticos
| Parâmetros | ADM de extensão | ADM de flexão | FIT de extensão | FIT de flexão | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CNP | Valor p | 95.0% IC para B | CNP (B) |
| 95.0% IC para B | CNP (B) | Valor p | 95.0% IC para B | CNP (B) |
| 95.0% IC para B | |||||
|
| 21.726 | 0.001 | 9.151 | 34.301 | 53.240 | 0.000 | 36.022 | 70.458 | −54.339 | 0.302 | −158.391 | 49.714 | −0.046 | 0.999 | −60.385 | 60.293 |
|
| 5.727 |
| 2.772 | 8.683 | −1.202 | 0.556 | −5.249 | 2.844 | 109.540 |
| 85.087 | 133.992 | 53.182 |
| 39.002 | 67.362 |
|
| 0.187 | 0.307 | −0.175 | 0.549 | −0.260 | 0.299 | −0.756 | 0.236 | 2.003 | 0.187 | −0.993 | 4.999 | 0.921 | 0.294 | −0.816 | 2.658 |
|
| 3.580 | 0.116 | −0.900 | 8.060 | 2.163 | 0.485 | −3.971 | 8.298 | −3.618 | 0.846 | −40.690 | 33.454 | −2.842 | 0.793 | −24.340 | 18.655 |
|
| −0.351 |
| −0.643 | −0.059 | −0.288 | 0.156 | −0.688 | 0.112 | 3.421 |
| 1.003 | 5.839 | 0.976 | 0.170 | −0.426 | 2.378 |
Abreviações: IMC, índice de massa corporal; IC, intervalo de confiança; ADM, amplitude de movimento; FIT, força isométrica do tronco; CNP, coeficientes não padronizados.
p < 0.05 é considerado estatisticamente significativo (negrito).
Análise multivariada de fatores que afetam a amplitude de movimento e a força isométrica do tronco em indivíduos com dor lombar
| Parâmetros | ADM de extensão | ADM de flexão | FIT de extensão | FIT de flexão | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CNP (B) |
Valor
| 95.0% IC para B | CNP (B) |
Valor
| 95.0% IC para B | CNP (B) |
Valor
| 95.0% IC para B | CNP (B) |
Valor
| 95.0% IC para B | |||||
|
| 29.719 | 0.000 | 16.999 | 42.439 | 53.582 | 0.000 | 35.832 | 71.331 | 129.251 | 0.006 | 39.320 | 219.182 | 22.373 | 0.416 | −32.191 | 76.937 |
|
| −0.479 | 0.739 | −3.330 | 2.372 | 0.426 | 0.831 | −3.552 | 4.404 | 28.011 |
| 7.854 | 48.167 | 22.290 |
| 10.060 | 34.519 |
|
| −0.109 | 0.428 | −0.382 | 0.164 | −0.159 | 0.409 | −0.539 | 0.222 | −1.948 |
| −3.877 | −0.019 | −0.209 | 0.723 | −1.379 | 0.962 |
|
| −0.189 | 0.271 | −0.529 | 0.151 | −0.438 | 0.070 | −0.912 | 0.036 | 0.497 | 0.681 | −1.905 | 2.898 | 0.662 | 0.368 | −0.795 | 2.119 |
|
| −0.003 | 0.777 | −0.020 | 0.015 | −0.003 | 0.804 | −0.028 | 0.022 | −0.020 | 0.750 | −0.145 | 0.105 | 0.032 | 0.404 | −0.044 | 0.108 |
|
| 0.992 | 0.488 | −1.849 | 3.832 | −0.673 | 0.736 | −4.637 | 3.291 | 4.854 | 0.631 | −15.229 | 24.938 | 8.377 | 0.175 | −3.809 | 20.562 |
Abreviações: IMC, índice de massa corporal; IC, intervalo de confiança; ADM, amplitude de movimento; FIT, força isométrica do tronco; CNP, coeficientes não padronizados DL, dor lombar.
P < 0.05 é considerado estatisticamente significativo (negrito).