Rajesh R Tampi1,2,3,4,5, Gargi Bhattacharya6, Padmapriya Marpuri7. 1. Department of Psychiatry, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA. rajesh.tampi@gmail.com. 2. Department of Psychiatry &Behavioral Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron, OH, USA. rajesh.tampi@gmail.com. 3. Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA. rajesh.tampi@gmail.com. 4. Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. rajesh.tampi@gmail.com. 5. Department of Psychiatry, North East Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA. rajesh.tampi@gmail.com. 6. Department of Psychiatry &Behavioral Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron, OH, USA. 7. Frontier Psychiatry, Billings, MT, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To provide a comprehensive overview on the evaluation and management of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) using evidence from literature. RECENT FINDINGS: Evidence indicates efficacy for some non-pharmacological techniques including education of caregivers and cognitive stimulation therapy and pharmacological agents like antidepressant and antipsychotics for the management of BPSD. The use of antipsychotics has generated controversy due to the recognition of their serious adverse effect profile including the risk of cerebrovascular adverse events and death. BPSD is associated with worsening of cognition and function among individuals with dementia, greater caregiver burden, more frequent institutionalization, overall poorer quality of life, and greater cost of caring for these individuals. Future management strategies for BPSD should include the use of technology for the provision of non-pharmacological interventions and the judicious use of cannabinoids and interventional procedures like ECT for the management of refractory symptoms.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To provide a comprehensive overview on the evaluation and management of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) using evidence from literature. RECENT FINDINGS: Evidence indicates efficacy for some non-pharmacological techniques including education of caregivers and cognitive stimulation therapy and pharmacological agents like antidepressant and antipsychotics for the management of BPSD. The use of antipsychotics has generated controversy due to the recognition of their serious adverse effect profile including the risk of cerebrovascular adverse events and death. BPSD is associated with worsening of cognition and function among individuals with dementia, greater caregiver burden, more frequent institutionalization, overall poorer quality of life, and greater cost of caring for these individuals. Future management strategies for BPSD should include the use of technology for the provision of non-pharmacological interventions and the judicious use of cannabinoids and interventional procedures like ECT for the management of refractory symptoms.
Authors: M Margallo-Lana; A Swann; J O'Brien; A Fairbairn; K Reichelt; D Potkins; P Mynt; C Ballard Journal: Int J Geriatr Psychiatry Date: 2001-01 Impact factor: 3.485
Authors: Jason T Olin; Ira R Katz; Barnett S Meyers; Lon S Schneider; Barry D Lebowitz Journal: Am J Geriatr Psychiatry Date: 2002 Mar-Apr Impact factor: 4.105
Authors: D P Devanand; D M Jacobs; M X Tang; C Del Castillo-Castaneda; M Sano; K Marder; K Bell; F W Bylsma; J Brandt; M Albert; Y Stern Journal: Arch Gen Psychiatry Date: 1997-03