Khalidah A Alenzi1, Wafi F Albalawi2, Tahani S Alanazi3, Najah S Alanazi3, Deemah S Alsuhaibani4, Nouf Almuwallad5, Thamir M Alshammari6,7. 1. Ministry of Health, Regional Drug Information &Pharmacovigilance Center, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. 2. Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 3. Pharm D, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. 4. Pharm D, Pharmaceutical Care Department, Medical Services for Armed Forces, Ministry of Defense, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 5. King Salman Armed Forces Hospital Northwestern Region: Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. 6. Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 7. Medication Safety Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Abstract
Background: On March 11th, 2020, The World Health Organization (WHO) declared that the COVID-19 is a pandemic due to its worldwide spread. The COVID-19 pandemic has extended its impact to Saudi Arabia. By mid-February 2021, The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has reported more than 373,000 COVID-19 cases impacting different population categories (i.e., male, female, different age groups, comorbidities status). The objective of this nationwide study was to describe and explore the characteristics of hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This study was an observational epidemiological study based on collected clinical data from ten health institutions across all regions in Saudi Arabia. The study was conducted during the period from March 2nd, 2020, to January 31st, 2021. The data were collected included demographics, medical information, medications, and laboratory and diagnostic. More detailed information on usually missing factors such as smoking status, comorbidities, length of hospital stay were also collected. Both descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted using the statistical analysis software "SAS®" version 9.4. Results: During the study period, 5286 patients were included in this study. Of these, (79.15%) were male. Of all 5286 patients, quite a high number of the studied population 2010 (38.02%) were smokers. The majority of the patients 3436 (65%) were reported to have comorbidities, with hypertension being the most common disease 1725 (32.6%), followed by diabetes 1641(31.04%). A high proportion of the patients, 2220 patients (41.99%), were admitted to the intensive care unit; of these, (33.52%) were on mechanical ventilation. Most patients received anticoagulant prophylaxis medications (n = 4414, 83.5%). All patients were given more than one antibiotic prophylaxis. Overall, the median hospital stay was 5.5 days, and the median length in the intensive care unit was 4.26 days. Around (89.14%) of patients were discharged from the hospital, and (10.8%) died. Conclusion: In this real-world study utilizing a large sample size, this study provides confirmatory results on the COVID-19 patients characteristics that are similar to other populations. Healthcare professionals need to give COVID-19 patients with specific characteristics including smoking, diabetes mellitus and cardiac disease more care to avoid losing these patients.
Background: On March 11th, 2020, The World Health Organization (WHO) declared that the COVID-19 is a pandemic due to its worldwide spread. The COVID-19 pandemic has extended its impact to Saudi Arabia. By mid-February 2021, The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has reported more than 373,000 COVID-19 cases impacting different population categories (i.e., male, female, different age groups, comorbidities status). The objective of this nationwide study was to describe and explore the characteristics of hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This study was an observational epidemiological study based on collected clinical data from ten health institutions across all regions in Saudi Arabia. The study was conducted during the period from March 2nd, 2020, to January 31st, 2021. The data were collected included demographics, medical information, medications, and laboratory and diagnostic. More detailed information on usually missing factors such as smoking status, comorbidities, length of hospital stay were also collected. Both descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted using the statistical analysis software "SAS®" version 9.4. Results: During the study period, 5286 patients were included in this study. Of these, (79.15%) were male. Of all 5286 patients, quite a high number of the studied population 2010 (38.02%) were smokers. The majority of the patients 3436 (65%) were reported to have comorbidities, with hypertension being the most common disease 1725 (32.6%), followed by diabetes 1641(31.04%). A high proportion of the patients, 2220 patients (41.99%), were admitted to the intensive care unit; of these, (33.52%) were on mechanical ventilation. Most patients received anticoagulant prophylaxis medications (n = 4414, 83.5%). All patients were given more than one antibiotic prophylaxis. Overall, the median hospital stay was 5.5 days, and the median length in the intensive care unit was 4.26 days. Around (89.14%) of patients were discharged from the hospital, and (10.8%) died. Conclusion: In this real-world study utilizing a large sample size, this study provides confirmatory results on the COVID-19 patients characteristics that are similar to other populations. Healthcare professionals need to give COVID-19 patients with specific characteristics including smoking, diabetes mellitus and cardiac disease more care to avoid losing these patients.
Authors: Giacomo Grasselli; Massimiliano Greco; Alberto Zanella; Giovanni Albano; Massimo Antonelli; Giacomo Bellani; Ezio Bonanomi; Luca Cabrini; Eleonora Carlesso; Gianpaolo Castelli; Sergio Cattaneo; Danilo Cereda; Sergio Colombo; Antonio Coluccello; Giuseppe Crescini; Andrea Forastieri Molinari; Giuseppe Foti; Roberto Fumagalli; Giorgio Antonio Iotti; Thomas Langer; Nicola Latronico; Ferdinando Luca Lorini; Francesco Mojoli; Giuseppe Natalini; Carla Maria Pessina; Vito Marco Ranieri; Roberto Rech; Luigia Scudeller; Antonio Rosano; Enrico Storti; B Taylor Thompson; Marcello Tirani; Pier Giorgio Villani; Antonio Pesenti; Maurizio Cecconi Journal: JAMA Intern Med Date: 2020-10-01 Impact factor: 21.873
Authors: Jaber S Alqahtani; Tope Oyelade; Abdulelah M Aldhahir; Saeed M Alghamdi; Mater Almehmadi; Abdullah S Alqahtani; Shumonta Quaderi; Swapna Mandal; John R Hurst Journal: PLoS One Date: 2020-05-11 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Hannah Peckham; Nina M de Gruijter; Charles Raine; Anna Radziszewska; Coziana Ciurtin; Lucy R Wedderburn; Elizabeth C Rosser; Kate Webb; Claire T Deakin Journal: Nat Commun Date: 2020-12-09 Impact factor: 17.694