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Correction: Schlotheuber, A.; Hosseinpoor, A.R. Summary Measures of Health Inequality: A Review of Existing Measures and Their Application. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 3697.

Anne Schlotheuber1, Ahmad Reza Hosseinpoor1.   

Abstract

Several errors were introduced after proofreading, and the authors hence wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...].

Entities:  

Year:  2022        PMID: 35742801      PMCID: PMC9222370          DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19126969

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Int J Environ Res Public Health        ISSN: 1660-4601            Impact factor:   4.614


Several errors were introduced after proofreading, and the authors hence wish to make the following corrections to this paper [1]:

Figure Legend

In the original publication, there was a mistake in the legend for Figure 1. The figure note “* Weighted measure. ** Weighted or unweighted measure.” was redundant as this information is included in Figure 1. The corrected legend is shown below. Figure 1. Overview of summary measures of health inequality.

Error in Tables

In the original publication, there was a mistake in Tables A7 and A9. Several numbers in the tables were missing a decimal. The corrected Tables A7 and A9 are shown below. Economic-related inequality in three reproductive, maternal and child health indicators: Indonesia (DHS: 1997, 2007 and 2017). Data source: Summary measures calculated using the WHO Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT), based on disaggregated data from the WHO Health Equity Monitor database (2021 update). Subnational regional inequality in three reproductive, maternal and child health indicators: Indonesia (DHS 2017). Data source: Summary measures calculated using the WHO Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT), based on disaggregated data from the WHO Health Equity Monitor database (2021 update).

Text Correction

There was an error in the original publication. There were several formatting errors in Section 3. Summary Measures of Health Inequality, including sub-section headers should have been italic; summary measure names (headers) should have been bold; headers for “Definition”, “Calculation” and “Interpretation” should not have been numbered; text for “Definition”, “Calculation” and “Interpretation” should not have been italic. A correction has been made to 3. Summary Measures of Health Inequality. Please refer to the publication for the corrected text. The authors apologize for any inconvenience caused and wish to state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. The original publication has also been updated.
Table A7

Economic-related inequality in three reproductive, maternal and child health indicators: Indonesia (DHS: 1997, 2007 and 2017).

Health IndicatorSummary Measure199720072017
Births attended by skilled health personnelDifference (D)67.4 (63.3–71.6)49.5 (45.7–53.3)23.6 (20.5–26.8)
Ratio (R)4.1 (3.6–4.7)2.1 (1.9–2.2)1.3 (1.3–1.4)
Absolute concentration index (ACI)12.9 (12.1–13.7)9.8 (9.1–10.5)4.3 (3.7–4.9)
Relative concentration index (RCI)25.3 (24.4–26.1)13.1 (12.8–13.3)4.7 (4.6–4.7)
Slope index of inequality (SII)72.9 (70.8–74.9)59.9 (57.5–62.3)31.6 (28.9–34.3)
Relative index of inequality (RII)6.1 (5.6–6.7)2.6 (2.5–2.8)1.5 (1.4–1.5)
Population attributable risk (PAR)38.3 (36.7–39.9)21.2 (19.3–23.0)7.6 (6.1–9.2)
Population attributable fraction (PAF)75.1 (72.0–78.3)28.3 (25.8–30.7)8.3 (6.6–10.0)
Demand for family planning satisfied-use of modern and traditional methodsDifference (D)10.3 (7.3–13.2)8.0 (5.4–10.6)–0.4 (–2.2–1.4)
Ratio (R)1.1 (1.1–1.2)1.1 (1.1–1.1)1.0 (1.0–1.0)
Absolute concentration index (ACI)1.8 (1.3–2.3)1.3 (0.9–1.7)–0.2 (–0.5–0.2)
Relative concentration index (RCI)2.1 (2.1–2.1)1.5 (1.5–1.5)–0.2 (–0.2–0.2)
Slope index of inequality (SII)11.4 (9.6–13.2)8.1 (6.5–9.7)–1.0 (–2.4–0.5)
Relative index of inequality (RII)1.1 (1.1–1.2)1.1 (1.1–1.1)1.0 (1.0–1.0)
Population attributable risk (PAR)4.1 (2.9–5.4)1.5 (0.3–2.6)0.0 (–0.9–0.9)
Population attributable fraction (PAF)4.8 (3.4–6.2)1.7 (0.4–2.9)0.0 (–1.1–1.1)
Measles immunisation coverage among one-year-oldsDifference (D)26.1 (19.3–32.9)21.7 (14.9–28.5)12.0 (6.5–17.5)
Ratio (R)1.4 (1.3–1.6)1.3 (1.2–1.5)1.2 (1.1–1.3)
Absolute concentration index (ACI)4.8 (3.5–6.1)4.1 (2.8–5.3)2.5 (1.5–3.5)
Relative concentration index (RCI)6.8 (6.5–7.0)5.3 (5.1–5.5)3.2 (3.1–3.2)
Slope index of inequality (SII)29.9 (24.5–35.2)25.1 (19.9–30.2)15.5 (10.7–20.4)
Relative index of inequality (RII)1.5 (1.4–1.7)1.4 (1.3–1.5)1.2 (1.1–1.3)
Population attributable risk (PAR)14.3 (11.0–17.6)8.5 (5.2–11.8)4.9 (1.9–7.8)
Population attributable fraction (PAF)20.2 (15.5–24.8)11.1 (6.8–15.4)6.2 (2.4–9.9)

Data source: Summary measures calculated using the WHO Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT), based on disaggregated data from the WHO Health Equity Monitor database (2021 update).

Table A9

Subnational regional inequality in three reproductive, maternal and child health indicators: Indonesia (DHS 2017).

Summary MeasureBirths Attended by Skilled Health PersonnelDemand for Family Planning Satisfied-Use of Modern and Traditional MethodsMeasles Immunisation Coverage among One-Year-Olds
Difference (D)35.8 (22.0–49.6)29.4 (20.2–38.7)40.0 (29.1–50.8)
Ratio (R)1.6 (1.3–1.9)1.5 (1.3–1.7)1.7 (1.5–2.1)
Between-group variance (BGV)50.4 (31.7–69.2)18.1 (13.4–22.9)83.9 (49.9–117.8)
Between-group standard deviation (BGSD)7.1 (–11.6–25.8)4.3 (–0.5–9.0)9.2 (–24.8–43.1)
Coefficient of variation (COV)7.8 (–11.0–26.5)5.0 (0.2–9.7)11.6 (–22.3–45.6)
Mean difference from mean (unweighted) (MDMU)6.6 (6.1–7.7)5.4 (5.2–6.2)7.9 (7.3–10.1)
Mean difference from mean (weighted) (MDMW)5.3 (4.8–6.5)2.9 (2.7–3.6)7.6 (6.4–9.7)
Mean difference from best group (unweighted) (MDBU)8.4 (7.0–9.4)6.8 (6.3–7.5)14.7 (13.4–16.4)
Mean difference from best group (weighted) (MDBW)10.3 (9.2–11.3)9.2 (8.7–10.0)14.3 (13.3–16.4)
Index of disparity (unweighted) (IDISU)7.2 (6.6–8.6)6.3 (6.0–7.3)10.1 (9.2–13.0)
Index of disparity (weighted) (IDISW)5.8 (5.2–7.1)3.4 (3.2–4.2)9.6 (8.1–12.3)
Theil index (TI)3.1 (3.1–3.1)1.3 (1.3–1.3)7.0 (7.0–7.0)
Mean log deviation (MLD)3.3 (3.3–3.3)1.3 (1.3–1.3)7.4 (7.4–7.4)
Population attributable risk (PAR)8.4 (1.5–15.3)6.8 (–5.4–18.9)14.7 (3.6–25.8)
Population attributable fraction (PAF)9.2 (1.6–16.7)7.9 (–6.2–22.1)18.6 (4.6–32.7)

Data source: Summary measures calculated using the WHO Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT), based on disaggregated data from the WHO Health Equity Monitor database (2021 update).

  1 in total

Review 1.  Summary Measures of Health Inequality: A Review of Existing Measures and Their Application.

Authors:  Anne Schlotheuber; Ahmad Reza Hosseinpoor
Journal:  Int J Environ Res Public Health       Date:  2022-03-20       Impact factor: 3.390

  1 in total

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