Jong Ho Lee1, Jeong Yeop Ryu1, Joon Seok Lee1, Kang Young Choi1, Ho Yun Chung1, Byung Chae Cho1, Koeun Kim2, Young Ju Lee2, Hee Kyung Jin3, Jae-Sung Bae4, Jung Dug Yang5. 1. Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea. 2. College of Veterinary Medicine and Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea. 3. College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea. 4. Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea. 5. Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; lambyang@hanmail.net.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM: The mechanisms underlying capsular contracture remain unclear. Emerging evidence supports the inflammation hypothesis, according to which bacteria from an adherent biofilm cause chronic inflammation and collagen deposition on the implant and trigger capsular contracture. Our goal was to evaluate the effect of different types of breast implants on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which are commonly found in biofilms in infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bacteria were grown in tryptic soy broth at 37°C for 2, 6, and 24 h and subsequently incubated for 24 h on 12 shell sections of smooth, nano-, and macrotextured breast implants. After incubation, the solutions were ultrasonicated and bacterial numbers were determined by serial dilution. S. aureus were fixed, washed with phosphate-buffered saline, dehydrated in ethanol, and coated with a platinum film to visualize the presence of biofilms by scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: The numbers of S. aureus and S. epidermidis attached to the smooth and nanotextured surface implants were significantly lower than those on the macrotextured surface for all incubation times, whereas the number of P. aeruginosa was non-significantly lowest on the nanotextured surface after 24h incubation. Biofilms on smooth and nanotextured implant surfaces showed patchy patterns on scanning electron microscopy in contrast to the continuous pattern detected on macrotextured implants. CONCLUSION: Nanotextured breast implants may limit bacterial growth and thus prevent capsular contracture.
BACKGROUND/AIM: The mechanisms underlying capsular contracture remain unclear. Emerging evidence supports the inflammation hypothesis, according to which bacteria from an adherent biofilm cause chronic inflammation and collagen deposition on the implant and trigger capsular contracture. Our goal was to evaluate the effect of different types of breast implants on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which are commonly found in biofilms in infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bacteria were grown in tryptic soy broth at 37°C for 2, 6, and 24 h and subsequently incubated for 24 h on 12 shell sections of smooth, nano-, and macrotextured breast implants. After incubation, the solutions were ultrasonicated and bacterial numbers were determined by serial dilution. S. aureus were fixed, washed with phosphate-buffered saline, dehydrated in ethanol, and coated with a platinum film to visualize the presence of biofilms by scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: The numbers of S. aureus and S. epidermidis attached to the smooth and nanotextured surface implants were significantly lower than those on the macrotextured surface for all incubation times, whereas the number of P. aeruginosa was non-significantly lowest on the nanotextured surface after 24h incubation. Biofilms on smooth and nanotextured implant surfaces showed patchy patterns on scanning electron microscopy in contrast to the continuous pattern detected on macrotextured implants. CONCLUSION: Nanotextured breast implants may limit bacterial growth and thus prevent capsular contracture.
Keywords:
Smooth breast implant; biofilm; breast implant infection; macrotextured breast implants; nano-textured breast implant; scanning electron microscopy