Christopher L Robinson1, Rosa S Kim2, Michael Li3, Qing Zhao Ruan3, Sindhuja Surapaneni3, Mark Jones4, Daniel J Pak4, Warren Southerland5. 1. Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. clrobin1@bidmc.harvard.edu. 2. Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA. 3. Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. 4. Department of Anesthesia, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA. 5. Department of Anesthesia, The Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review is to examine the impact of smoking and its role on the development of chronic pain and provide a critical review of recent literature. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent studies demonstrate the bidirectional and dependent relationship between smoking and chronic pain. Those who are in pain have a more difficult time in the cessation of smoking as well as an increased sensitivity to pain during abstinence, lower confidence, and higher relapse rates. The fear of pain and the anxiety and depression that abstinence causes results in a grim outcome for long-term cessation. The dependent nature between chronic pain and smoking is affected by numerous variables. Providers should consider a multiprong approach to treating chronic pain and targeting smoking cessation treatment by providing motivational therapy, nicotine replacement, and medication therapies to prevent relapse, and providing those who are more likely to relapse with a higher level of care.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review is to examine the impact of smoking and its role on the development of chronic pain and provide a critical review of recent literature. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent studies demonstrate the bidirectional and dependent relationship between smoking and chronic pain. Those who are in pain have a more difficult time in the cessation of smoking as well as an increased sensitivity to pain during abstinence, lower confidence, and higher relapse rates. The fear of pain and the anxiety and depression that abstinence causes results in a grim outcome for long-term cessation. The dependent nature between chronic pain and smoking is affected by numerous variables. Providers should consider a multiprong approach to treating chronic pain and targeting smoking cessation treatment by providing motivational therapy, nicotine replacement, and medication therapies to prevent relapse, and providing those who are more likely to relapse with a higher level of care.
Authors: Edward Michna; Edgar L Ross; Wilfred L Hynes; Srdjan S Nedeljkovic; Sharonah Soumekh; David Janfaza; Diane Palombi; Robert N Jamison Journal: J Pain Symptom Manage Date: 2004-09 Impact factor: 3.612
Authors: Michael J Zvolensky; Sherry H Stewart; Anka A Vujanovic; Dubravka Gavric; Dan Steeves Journal: Nicotine Tob Res Date: 2009-02-23 Impact factor: 4.244
Authors: MeLisa R Creamer; Teresa W Wang; Stephen Babb; Karen A Cullen; Hannah Day; Gordon Willis; Ahmed Jamal; Linda Neff Journal: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Date: 2019-11-15 Impact factor: 17.586