Arnold Z Olali1,2, Kelsey A Carpenter1, Maria Myers1, Anjali Sharma3, Michael T Yin4, Lena Al-Harthi2, Ryan D Ross5,6. 1. Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA. 2. Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA. 3. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA. 4. Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. 5. Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA. ryan_ross@rush.edu. 6. Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA. ryan_ross@rush.edu.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: People living with HIV (PLWH) are at an increased risk for osteoporosis, a disease defined by the loss of bone mineral density (BMD) and deterioration of bone quality, both of which independently contribute to an increased risk of skeletal fractures. While there is an emerging body of literature focusing on the factors that contribute to BMD loss in PLWH, the contribution of these factors to bone quality changes are less understood. The current review summarizes and critically reviews the data describing the effects of HIV, HIV disease-related factors, and antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) on bone quality. RECENT FINDINGS: The increased availability of high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography has confirmed that both HIV infection and ARVs negatively affect bone architecture. There is considerably less data on their effects on bone remodeling or the composition of bone matrix. Whether changes in bone quality independently predict fracture risk, as seen in HIV-uninfected populations, is largely unknown. The available data suggests that bone quality deterioration occurs in PLWH. Future studies are needed to define which factors, viral or ARVs, contribute to loss of bone quality and which bone quality factors are most associated with increased fracture risk.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: People living with HIV (PLWH) are at an increased risk for osteoporosis, a disease defined by the loss of bone mineral density (BMD) and deterioration of bone quality, both of which independently contribute to an increased risk of skeletal fractures. While there is an emerging body of literature focusing on the factors that contribute to BMD loss in PLWH, the contribution of these factors to bone quality changes are less understood. The current review summarizes and critically reviews the data describing the effects of HIV, HIV disease-related factors, and antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) on bone quality. RECENT FINDINGS: The increased availability of high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography has confirmed that both HIV infection and ARVs negatively affect bone architecture. There is considerably less data on their effects on bone remodeling or the composition of bone matrix. Whether changes in bone quality independently predict fracture risk, as seen in HIV-uninfected populations, is largely unknown. The available data suggests that bone quality deterioration occurs in PLWH. Future studies are needed to define which factors, viral or ARVs, contribute to loss of bone quality and which bone quality factors are most associated with increased fracture risk.
Authors: A Carr; B Grund; A V Schwartz; A Avihingsanon; S Badal-Faesen; J I Bernadino; V Estrada; A La Rosa; Pwg Mallon; S Pujari; D White; N Wyman Engen; K Ensrud; J F Hoy Journal: HIV Med Date: 2019-10-23 Impact factor: 3.180
Authors: Jennifer F Hoy; Birgit Grund; Mollie Roediger; Ann V Schwartz; John Shepherd; Anchalee Avihingsanon; Sharlaa Badal-Faesen; Stephane de Wit; Simone Jacoby; Alberto La Rosa; Sanjay Pujari; Mauro Schechter; David White; Nicole Wyman Engen; Kristine Ensrud; Peer D Aagaard; Andrew Carr Journal: J Bone Miner Res Date: 2017-06-26 Impact factor: 6.741