Radiosensitization of primary human tumor cell cultures by N-methylformamide.

The effects of the differentiation-inducing agent N-methylformamide (NMF) on the radiation response of ten primary human tumor cell cultures were investigated. Cell survival was determined using an adhesive tumor cell culture system. NMF (1%) was added to cultures on Day 1 and was left for 6 days; cultures were irradiated with graded doses of X rays (1.0-6.0 Gy) on Day 4. Using survival at 2.0 Gy as a comparative endpoint, eight of ten cultures tested exhibited enhanced radiosensitivity upon exposure to NMF. In sensitized cultures, the dose-enhancement factors ranged from 1.3 to 2.5. The NMF-mediated radiosensitization did not appear to be dependent on the histologic cell type. The results presented support previous data obtained from established cell lines and suggest that NMF may offer clinical benefits against a variety of tumor types when used in combination with radiotherapy.