Pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) release during the progesterone-induced LH surge in the female rhesus monkey.

LH pulses during the progesterone (P)-induced LH surge were examined in ovariectomized and estrogen-treated female monkeys. Animals received a 2.5-mg P or oil injection 24 h after administration of 30 micrograms estradiol benzoate. The animals were fitted with jugular catheters connected to a tether-swivel system. Blood samples were collected at 10-min intervals starting 3-4 h before and ending 12-20 h after P or oil injection. Plasma LH was measured by both bioassay and RIA. LH pulses were determined by the PULSAR program. P administration induced a BIA-LH surge with a latency of 71 +/- 10 min in all seven animals. The P-induced bioassayable LH (BIA-LH) surge consisted of an ascending phase (204 +/- 24 min), a plateau period (174 +/- 32 min), and a descending phase (376 +/- 60 min). Oil injection did not cause a LH surge (n = 4). BIA-LH release before P and that during the P-induced LH surge were pulsatile. Pulse intervals of BIA-LH before P treatment (57.1 +/- 5.2 min) were not different from those before (55.0 +/- 11.7 min) and after (62.9 +/- 16.3 min) oil injection. In contrast, pulse intervals during the ascending phase (35.0 +/- 4.0 min), plateau period (34.6 +/- 2.6 min), and descending phase (45.0 +/- 3.1 min) were significantly shorter (P less than 0.02) than those before P. Pulse amplitudes of BIA-LH during the ascending phase (125.3 +/- 28.7 ng/ml) and plateau period (253.9 +/- 27.0 ng/ml) were significantly (P less than 0.001) higher than those (44.7 +/- 12.6 ng/ml) before P and during the descending phase (66.9 +/- 11.1 ng/ml). Radioimmunoassayable LH results were quite similar to those for BIA-LH, except that amplitude changes in radioimmunoassayable LH after P treatment were smaller than those in BIA-LH. It was concluded, therefore, that both the frequency and amplitude of pulsatile LH release increase during the P-induced LH surge, especially during the ascending phase and plateau period, in female rhesus monkeys. Furthermore, the present results support our previous conclusion that P facilitates pulsatile LHRH release with increases in frequency and amplitude in ovariectomized and estrogen-treated monkeys.