Constriction of the internal nasal valve in rhinoplasty: treatment and prevention.

The anatomy and functional physiology of the internal nasal valve and the potential problems that may develop with it during rhinoplasty are discussed. The operative maneuvers that may compromise the nasal valve serve as a basis for explaining a treatment approach. Treatment primarily deals with the problems generated by scar contraction, excision of lining and cartilage, and malposition of various nasal parts. In rhinoplasty, one must preserve the integrity of the internal nasal valve by preventing scar constriction and maintaining cartilage support. All intranasal incisions should be closed carefully with meticulous suturing. The surgeon should strive to preserve the medial attachment of the upper lateral cartilage to the septum. The caudal border of the upper lateral cartilage should not be trimmed. Lining should not be excised at the level of the internal valve, or distally. If scar constriction occurs or cartilage instability develops, the goal of treatment is restoration of valve function by excision of all scar tissue, repositioning the cartilage framework, and reconstruction using full-thickness and composite skin-cartilage grafts. The value of the intracartilaginous incision in preventing injury to the internal nasal valve is emphasized. Many of the established procedures in rhinoplasty that may endanger the nasal valve are discussed.