Pa Pa Soe1, Zar Lwin Hnin1, Thein Hlaing2, Hlaing Min1. 1. Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Medicine, Mandalay, Mandalay, Myanmar. 2. District Public Health Department, Pyay District, Bago Region, Myanmar.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is a highly infectious respiratory disease caused by a new coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2. Home confinement and movement restrictions can affect lifestyle changes and may lead to non-communicable diseases (NCD). This systematic review will provide a detailed summary of changing patterns of physical activities, diet and sleep among the general public in COVID-19. METHODS: PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Science Direct, and Scopus will be, among eight bibliographic databases, applied and search work will take one month (from January 2021 until February 2021). Key search terms will include common characteristics of physical activity, dietary pattern, sleeping pattern, and COVID-19. The reviewers will fully apply the inclusion and exclusion criteria framed by PICOS as well as the screening form and the PRISMA flow for selecting the papers eligible for this review. Moreover, the reviewers will use a self-developed excel table to extract the required information on dietary pattern changes, physical activities and sleep patterns changes, and the Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Nonrandomized Studies (RoBANS) for practicing quality assessment. We will include only observational studies and analyze the extracted information qualitatively and the review output will be based on the eligible studies' outcomes. DISCUSSION: Changes in physical activity, dietary and sleep patterns are challenging to the public health professionals regarding the risk factors for NCD, and long-term effects might impact the controlling of the NCD. Evidence-based research information is needed regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, and there are a few global data on changes in physical activity, dietary and sleep patterns. Furthermore, innovative public health interventions or implementations are needed to maintain the positive health status of the population in the long run as the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: This systematic review is based on a protocol registered with PROSPERO CRD42021232667.
BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is a highly infectious respiratory disease caused by a new coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2. Home confinement and movement restrictions can affect lifestyle changes and may lead to non-communicable diseases (NCD). This systematic review will provide a detailed summary of changing patterns of physical activities, diet and sleep among the general public in COVID-19. METHODS: PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Science Direct, and Scopus will be, among eight bibliographic databases, applied and search work will take one month (from January 2021 until February 2021). Key search terms will include common characteristics of physical activity, dietary pattern, sleeping pattern, and COVID-19. The reviewers will fully apply the inclusion and exclusion criteria framed by PICOS as well as the screening form and the PRISMA flow for selecting the papers eligible for this review. Moreover, the reviewers will use a self-developed excel table to extract the required information on dietary pattern changes, physical activities and sleep patterns changes, and the Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Nonrandomized Studies (RoBANS) for practicing quality assessment. We will include only observational studies and analyze the extracted information qualitatively and the review output will be based on the eligible studies' outcomes. DISCUSSION: Changes in physical activity, dietary and sleep patterns are challenging to the public health professionals regarding the risk factors for NCD, and long-term effects might impact the controlling of the NCD. Evidence-based research information is needed regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, and there are a few global data on changes in physical activity, dietary and sleep patterns. Furthermore, innovative public health interventions or implementations are needed to maintain the positive health status of the population in the long run as the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: This systematic review is based on a protocol registered with PROSPERO CRD42021232667.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), developed by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that can transform the different forms of variants: Alpha-B.1.1.7, Beta-B.1.351, Gamma-P.1, Delta-B.1.617.2 and Omicron-BA.1 or BA.2 [1]. Its infectivity has speeded into a worldwide pandemic, causing not only health issues (physical and psychological issues) but also devastating economic conditions [2-4]. Public health professionals implemented an epidemiological containment strategy to control the COVID-19 by using lockdown measures [5] since lifting the strategic restrictions has some important advantages such as limiting the spread of the COVID-19 virus, enhancing more preparation time for the preventive strategies and avoiding the new peak of the COVID-19 outbreak [6]. However, these restriction measures are mandatory and therefore have a strong negative impact on healthy lifestyle behaviors such as physical activity (PA), eating habits, quality of sleep, etc. [7-12]. Hence, although individuals were encouraged to remain physically active in their homes, the unprecedented confinement gave rise to two situations. (i) the physically active people decreased their activity, and (ii) the inactive population were not likely to increase their daily PA [10, 13]. For instance, the prolonged homestay decreased the amount of daily PA performed [14]. Similarly, it has been suggested that due to this period of abruptly reduced PA, changes in eating patterns, such as overeating, will start to emerge change in dietary patterns, putting people at risk for revealing an eating disorder [15]. This lack of PA due to home confinement has also been a potential risk factor that negatively affects sleep quality [5, 16].The recent reviews demonstrated that acute and regular PA improved sleep quality. PA improved sleep even in patients suffering from insomnia or sleep apnea. Diet is also widely considered an important modifiable factor that has been often proposed to improve sleep duration and quality [17, 18]. Evidence from a multi-continental survey among adults indicated that during the COVID-19 pandemic, the frequency and duration of PA decreased by 24% and 33.5%, respectively. The study stated significant increases in consumption of unhealthy food, eating out of control, and snacking between meals [19]. The studies revealed that PA decreased although eating pattern was healthy [11] while those who adopted unhealthy lifestyle encountered the lower sleep quality [12]. Regarding sleep quality, 17.2% answered that sleep quality improved, 56.5% did not change, and 26.3% worsened compared to a typical week [17]. The confinement had a significant differential effect on physically active participants, who experienced a substantial decline in their PA levels, sleep quality, and well-being [5]. Surveillance of the lockdown results on healthy habits should become a routine as part of readiness endeavors worldwide [20].Due to the COVID-19 confinements, almost all areas of public life have been affected and changed. Many lives across the globe experience a wide range of changes that may be intended or unintended as well as positive or negative. For instance, many people become familiar with the words or terminologies of an epidemic disease like "social distancing", "quarantine", "stay home", and "new normal" and healthy practices like "wearing a mask", and "washing hands". Inversely, the COVID-19 pandemic carries unintended or negative changes in the proportions of educational achievements, employments, individual net income, supply chain quality, movements and food and drug availability [21]. Changes in PA, dietary and sleep patterns are challenging to the public health professionals regarding the risk factors for further illnesses especially non-communicable diseases (NCD), and long-term effects might impact the controlling of the NCD. Currently, evidence-based research information is needed regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, and there are a few global data on changes in physical activity, dietary and sleep patterns. The analysis of this review focuses on the changing patterns of PA, diet and sleep since the COCID-19 restrictions were introduced and intends to conclude which changes are positive or negative as well as healthy or unhealthy. Especially, the interest of this review is to provide reliable and collective evidence to inform the important interventions for how to adjust the peoples’ changes in their PA, dietary and sleeping patterns in order for mitigating the risks of further illnesses.
Materials and methods
Firstly, we screened the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews database [PROSPERO], ensuring previous systematic reviews or meta-analyses have not been taken to this research question. This protocol was registered and published in PROSPERO on January 8 2021 [ID: CRD42021232667] to provide the transparency of the science. Furthermore, to guarantee the straightforward and total endeavor, maximize the benefits, and to be a compelling course of action of announcing of this review, the PRISMA-P [Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocol] 2015 Checklist (S1 File) will be totally applied.
Eligibility criteria according to PICOS
Applied eligibility criteria are enumerated below according to the PICOS scheme. The review question formulated with the PICOS frame is "Due to the COVID-19 restrictions, what changing patterns ofPA, diet and sleep will occur among the general population after October 2019".
Participants
All trials on people (≥ 12 years) of either sex will be eligible for inclusion with the following exceptions. The studies which worked on the healthcare workers and the patients with any diseases will be excluded.
Interventions
Eligible studies must investigate the effects of COVID-19 safety measures. It was defined as any public measure implemented to halt the transmission of COVID-19, lockdown measure including physical and social distancing, self-isolation, closure of public facilities, restriction of public events and gatherings, travel limitation, and working from home [4, 21].
Controls
This review will not try to analyze the statistical significances of the changing effects ofPA, diet and sleep between healthy and unhealthy groups. Therefore, control studies and comparisons between general population and other control groups will not be considered to include in this review.
Outcomes
Changes in PA, sleep patterns and diet patterns must be assessed as the study outcomes. PA was defined as any bodily movement by the skeletal musculature resulting in energy expenditure [22]. Indeed, the most recent WHO guidelines on physical activity [23] explicitly stated that every minute of PA counts. The studies will be considered for their eligibility when sleep was described by better, unchanged and worsen sleep quality as well as when measuring types and frequencies of food intakes and examining body weight status in their reports. This review aims to present the results of the outcomes by categorical data (increased/decreased/unchanged). The assessment can be done via (online) questionnaires, interviews but is not limited to these.Population–Study participants (≥12years) of both sexes. Healthcare workers and patients with any diseases will be excluded.COVID-19 safety measures–It was defined as any lockdown measures to cut the transmission of the COVID-19, for example, closure of the public facilities, travel restriction, social distancing and work from home.Changes–will be defined as increased/decreased/unchanged interest variables.PA–was defined as the following conditions. Indoor or/and outdoor PA, PA with some types of body movement exercises, PA through leisure activities, intensity of the PA (vigorous, moderate, low), duration of the PA (shortened/lengthened/unchanged), mean minutes of the PA. And changes in time, frequency and intensity of PA will be reviewed as the outcome.Dietary pattern–was defined as the following: eating behavior of healthy/unhealthy diet, consumption of vegetables and fruits, consumption of fast food, junk food and fried food, skipping meals.Sleep pattern—was defined as the following: sleeping time (shorter/longer/unchanged), mean sleep duration (hours/minutes), timing of the sleep (early/late), sleep quality (poor/improved/unchanged).BMI–The results of the BMI in the reviewed articles will be used and categorized into groups.
Study design
The primary researches, including observational studies (longitudinal and cross-sectional) in English, will be included. Experimental trials applying PA, duplicated, or abstract-only papers, case reports and case series, editorials, and documents with no full-text available will be excluded. Especially, the eligible studies have to be designed to focus on the effects of preventive public health measures in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, only studies published after October 2019 will be eligible for inclusion because this review wants to explore the events of many countries affected by the COVID-19 and the COVID-19 widely spreads across the world after October 2019.
Information sources and search strategy
Optimal searches in this review will be exercised via PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Science Direct, and Scopus. The data search strategy provides the search method for at least one electronic database, including planning constraints. In this study, searches for articles or journals using keywords and Boolean’s Operator [AND, OR, NOT and NEST or brackets and quotation marks] will be used to expand or narrow the search so that it makes it easier to determine which articles or journals are used and take from MeSH [Medical Subject Headings] on PubMed which can be seen in the Table 1. Developing the screening form (including search terms, number of references screened per time, per reviewer and per database, reasons for inclusion/exclusion), exercising independent searches, discussions among reviewers will be ensured. Besides, inter-reviewer agreement form (including "Paper Code", "Paper Title", "Includable-Yes", "Excludable-No", Uncertain-Maybe" and "Reasons for Inclusion/Exclusion") will be developed and practiced for systematic selection of the studies. The completed search will take about one month and therefore will be planned to start on January 8, 2021, and end on February 8, 2021. PRISMA 2020 flow diagram for new systematic reviews which included searches of databases and registers only was applied in the protocol (S2 File).
Table 1
Search strategy.
COVID-19
Physical Activity
Dietary
Sleeping
2019-nCOV
Duration (PA)
Diet pattern
Sleeping pattern
OR
OR
OR
SARS-CoV-2
Frequency (PA)
Eating habits
Sleeping disturbances
OR
OR
OR
Corona Virus
Intensity (PA)
Healthy and Unhealthy food
Sleeping disorders
OR
OR
COVID-19
Types (PA)
Sleep quality
Data extraction and management
The search results from all sources of evidence will be documented in the Mendeley library for preventing subsequent duplication of article data extraction. The study selection process will be based on the PRISMA flow diagram. At least two reviewers will carry out the screening process based on the eligibility criteria by reading the title and abstract. Secondly, reference lists from the literature will be identified in the evidence search stage. Furthermore, screening was carried out based on the eligibility criteria by reading the literature’s full text, which passed the title and abstract screening stages. Two reviewers will independently extract and manage data for each included study using self-developed excel table. Data will be extracted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria based on the PICOS eligibility criteria, the collection of information on dietary pattern changes and lifestyle changes, and the quality assessment report for each article. In this stage, we will discuss the opinions regarding study population, study design, outcomes and measurements of the outcomes of the studies. The differences of opinions between the two reviewers will be resolved using discussion. If no agreement is reached, consultations will be conducted with third parties not involved in the selection and extraction processes.
Risk of bias (quality) assessment
Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Nonrandomized Studies (RoBANS) [24] will be used. Two reviewers will independently carry out the review process to assess the risk of bias for each included study. If any disagreements exit between the reviewers, the third reviewer will be assessed the risk. Each outcome within the studies will be graded as having a high, low or unclear risk of bias.
Strategy for data synthesis
This research uses descriptive analysis. The extracted information will be qualitatively analyzed, and the review output will base on variability in outcomes of the eligible studies. The analysis method with stages is as follows:Summarizing the included studies’ characteristics according to the study designs, sample sizes, study focus areas and objectives.Summarizing all extracted information by grouping it into predetermined themes and analyzing them in term of the qualitative synthesis.
Ethical considerations
Research ethics approval
Not applicable. This review is based on secondary analyses of public information recognized through a systematic search and review process.
Discussion
Limitations of the study design
We will only review the observational studies and it may introduce many biases (selection bias and recall bias). And then causal inference cannot be concluded. Most of the studies collected self-reported data on all outcome’s variables. Moreover, measurements of the PA, and sleep quality were subjective and dietary intake introduced the recall bias. Therefore, accurate data on the changes of PA, sleep pattern and diet pattern might not be presented.
Access to data
The taking after data will be made freely accessible for all included data sources: reference information or contact name/institution, population represented, data collection method, questionnaire used, and sample size as relevant.
PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols) 2015 checklist.
(DOC)Click here for additional data file.
PRISMA 2020 flow diagram for new systematic reviews which included searches of databases and registers only.
(TIF)Click here for additional data file.14 Feb 2022
PONE-D-21-40766
Changes in physical activity, dietary and sleeping pattern among the general population in COVID-19 : A systematic review protocol
PLOS ON
Thank you for submitting your manuscript to PLOS ONE. After careful consideration, we feel that it has merit but does not fully meet PLOS ONE’s publication criteria as it currently stands. Therefore, we invite you to submit a revised version of the manuscript that addresses the points raised during the review process.Please submit your revised manuscript by Mar 31 2022 11:59PM. If you will need more time than this to complete your revisions, please reply to this message or contact the journal office at plosone@plos.org. When you're ready to submit your revision, log on to https://www.editorialmanager.com/pone/ and select the 'Submissions Needing Revision' folder to locate your manuscript file.Please include the following items when submitting your revised manuscript:
If you would like to make changes to your financial disclosure, please include your updated statement in your cover letter. Guidelines for resubmitting your figure files are available below the reviewer comments at the end of this letter.
A rebuttal letter that responds to each point raised by the academic editor and reviewer(s). You should upload this letter as a separate file labeled 'Response to Reviewers'.A marked-up copy of your manuscript that highlights changes made to the original version. You should upload this as a separate file labeled 'Revised Manuscript with Track Changes'.An unmarked version of your revised paper without tracked changes. You should upload this as a separate file labeled 'Manuscript'.If applicable, we recommend that you deposit your laboratory protocols in protocols.io to enhance the reproducibility of your results. Protocols.io assigns your protocol its own identifier (DOI) so that it can be cited independently in the future. For instructions see: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/s/submission-guidelines#loc-laboratory-protocols. Additionally, PLOS ONE offers an option for publishing peer-reviewed Lab Protocol articles, which describe protocols hosted on protocols.io. Read more information on sharing protocols at https://plos.org/protocols?utm_medium=editorial-email&utm_source=authorletters&utm_campaign=protocols.We look forward to receiving your revised manuscript.Kind regards,Luigi LavorgnaAcademic EditorPLOS ONEJournal Requirements:1. When submitting your revision, we need you to address these additional requirements.Please ensure that your manuscript meets PLOS ONE's style requirements, including those for file naming. The PLOS ONE style templates can be found athttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/s/file?id=wjVg/PLOSOne_formatting_sample_main_body.pdf andhttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/s/file?id=ba62/PLOSOne_formatting_sample_title_authors_affiliations.pdf2. We note that you have indicated that data from this study are available upon request. PLOS only allows data to be available upon request if there are legal or ethical restrictions on sharing data publicly. For more information on unacceptable data access restrictions, please see http://journals.plos.org/plosone/s/data-availability#loc-unacceptable-data-access-restrictions.In your revised cover letter, please address the following prompts:a) If there are ethical or legal restrictions on sharing a de-identified data set, please explain them in detail (e.g., data contain potentially sensitive information, data are owned by a third-party organization, etc.) and who has imposed them (e.g., an ethics committee). Please also provide contact information for a data access committee, ethics committee, or other institutional body to which data requests may be sent.b) If there are no restrictions, please upload the minimal anonymized data set necessary to replicate your study findings as either Supporting Information files or to a stable, public repository and provide us with the relevant URLs, DOIs, or accession numbers. For a list of acceptable repositories, please see http://journals.plos.org/plosone/s/data-availability#loc-recommended-repositories.We will update your Data Availability statement on your behalf to reflect the information you provide.3. We note that this manuscript is a systematic review or meta-analysis; our author guidelines therefore require that you use PRISMA guidance to help improve reporting quality of this type of study. Please upload copies of the completed PRISMA checklist as Supporting Information with a file name “PRISMA checklist”.4. Please review your reference list to ensure that it is complete and correct. If you have cited papers that have been retracted, please include the rationale for doing so in the manuscript text, or remove these references and replace them with relevant current references. Any changes to the reference list should be mentioned in the rebuttal letter that accompanies your revised manuscript. If you need to cite a retracted article, indicate the article’s retracted status in the References list and also include a citation and full reference for the retraction notice.[Note: HTML markup is below. Please do not edit.]Reviewers' comments:Reviewer's Responses to Questions
Comments to the Author1. Does the manuscript provide a valid rationale for the proposed study, with clearly identified and justified research questions?The research question outlined is expected to address a valid academic problem or topic and contribute to the base of knowledge in the field. Reviewer #1: Yes********** 2. Is the protocol technically sound and planned in a manner that will lead to a meaningful outcome and allow testing the stated hypotheses?The manuscript should describe the methods in sufficient detail to prevent undisclosed flexibility in the experimental procedure or analysis pipeline, including sufficient outcome-neutral conditions (e.g. necessary controls, absence of floor or ceiling effects) to test the proposed hypotheses and a statistical power analysis where applicable. As there may be aspects of the methodology and analysis which can only be refined once the work is undertaken, authors should outline potential assumptions and explicitly describe what aspects of the proposed analyses, if any, are exploratory. Reviewer #1: Partly********** 3. Is the methodology feasible and described in sufficient detail to allow the work to be replicable?Descriptions of methods and materials in the protocol should be reported in sufficient detail for another researcher to reproduce all experiments and analyses. The protocol should describe the appropriate controls, sample size calculations, and replication needed to ensure that the data are robust and reproducible. Reviewer #1: Yes********** 4. Have the authors described where all data underlying the findings will be made available when the study is complete?The PLOS Data policy requires authors to make all data underlying the findings described in their manuscript fully available without restriction, with rare exception, at the time of publication. The data should be provided as part of the manuscript or its supporting information, or deposited to a public repository. For example, in addition to summary statistics, the data points behind means, medians and variance measures should be available. If there are restrictions on publicly sharing data—e.g. participant privacy or use of data from a third party—those must be specified. Reviewer #1: Yes********** 5. Is the manuscript presented in an intelligible fashion and written in standard English?PLOS ONE does not copyedit accepted manuscripts, so the language in submitted articles must be clear, correct, and unambiguous. Any typographical or grammatical errors should be corrected at revision, so please note any specific errors here. Reviewer #1: Yes********** 6. Review Comments to the AuthorPlease use the space provided to explain your answers to the questions above and, if applicable, provide comments about issues authors must address before this protocol can be accepted for publication. You may also include additional comments for the author, including concerns about research or publication ethics.You may also provide optional suggestions and comments to authors that they might find helpful in planning their study.(Please upload your review as an attachment if it exceeds 20,000 characters) Reviewer #1: In this protocol proposal, Pa Pa Soe et al describe a possible review protocol to investigate how COVID-19-related restrictions impacted on sleep quality, physical exercise and dietary pattern.The aim is quite ambitious, as the amount of manuscripts on the topic has steeply surged within the last year in relation with both healthy conditions and diseases. I would better highlight why authors decided to only include manuscript published between January and February 2021 and also I would further introduce the possible association between the physical exercise and quality of life, including the sleeping status, in both healthy controls and in patients with other diseases (see this works Durucan et al. 2022 [10.1097/MRR.0000000000000519]; Cunha et al. 2021 [10.1016/j.numecd.2021.12.019]; Carotenuto et al. 2021 [10.3390/jcm10061234]; Beydoun et al. 2022 [10.1093/gerona/glac028]; Bruno et al. 2022 [10.1016/j.sleep.2022.01.002]). All the aforementioned manuscript usually referred to people’s condition during the period you choose for selecting manuscript and hence, during the more severe COVID 19 restrictions.********** 7. PLOS authors have the option to publish the peer review history of their article (what does this mean?). If published, this will include your full peer review and any attached files.If you choose “no”, your identity will remain anonymous but your review may still be made public.Do you want your identity to be public for this peer review? For information about this choice, including consent withdrawal, please see our Privacy Policy. Reviewer #1: No[NOTE: If reviewer comments were submitted as an attachment file, they will be attached to this email and accessible via the submission site. Please log into your account, locate the manuscript record, and check for the action link "View Attachments". If this link does not appear, there are no attachment files.]While revising your submission, please upload your figure files to the Preflight Analysis and Conversion Engine (PACE) digital diagnostic tool, https://pacev2.apexcovantage.com/. PACE helps ensure that figures meet PLOS requirements. To use PACE, you must first register as a user. Registration is free. Then, login and navigate to the UPLOAD tab, where you will find detailed instructions on how to use the tool. If you encounter any issues or have any questions when using PACE, please email PLOS at figures@plos.org. Please note that Supporting Information files do not need this step.
30 Mar 2022List of AmendmentsLine number- 24 (Abstract)"Were" was corrected by "will be" because it should be future tense.Line number- 25 (Abstract)"applied and search work will take one month" were added to clearly mention the planned time of search work.Line number- 26 (Abstract)"usages" was substituted by "characteristics" because key search terms include the characteristics of physical activity (e.g. frequency, duration), diet (e.g. patterns, food types) and sleep (quality, timing).Line number- 28 and 29 (Abstract)" as well as the screening form and the PRISMA flow" were added because these are important information for the selection process of this review.Line number-55 (Introduction)Citation [5] was moved to the end of the relevant information in line numbers- 53 to 55 and put together with citations [6, 7, 8] (Line number-55) because these discussion points were concerned with citation [5].Line number- 58 (Introduction)Citation [8] was moved to the end of the relevant information and put together with citation [9] (Line number-58) because citation [8] covered the information of line numbers- 55 to 58.Line number- 67 (Introduction)Citations [13, 14] were removed due to duplication and putting them [13,14] (Line number-67) at the end of the summarized or paraphrased information will be more relevant.Line number- 69 (Introduction)Citation [15] was removed due to duplication.Line number- 75 (Introduction)Citation [4] was removed because the suggestion points cited with [4] and [16] were more relevant to only citation [16].Line number- 76 (Last paragraph of the Introduction Section)The last paragraph of the introduction section was substituted by some information in order to be the relevant and strong justification of the review objective.Line number- 99 (Methods)"a" was added for grammar correctness.Line number- 102 (Methods)"will be totally applied" were added for grammar correctness.Line number- 105 (Eligibility Criteria)"the effects of preventive public health measures" were substituted by "the Covid-19 restrictions" which are more precise words.Line number- 118-121 (Controls)The paragraph under the sub-title of "Controls" was removed and restructured with " This review will not try to analyze the statistical significances of the changing effects of physical activity, diet and sleep between healthy and unhealthy groups. Therefore, control studies and comparisons between the general population and other control groups will not be considered to include in this review."Line number- 133 (List and Definitions of Variables)"sex" was corrected by "sexes" for grammar correctness.Line number- 158-160 (Study Design)"because this review wants to explore the events of many countries affected by the Covid-19 and the Covid-19 widely spread across the world after October 2019" were added for justifying the publication date eligible for this review.Line number- 168-175 (Information Sources and Search Strategy)"Developing the screening form (including search terms, number of references screened per time, per reviewer and per database, reasons for inclusion/exclusion), exercising independent searches, discussions among reviewers will be ensured. Besides, inter-reviewer agreement form (including "Paper Code", "Paper Title", "Includable-Yes", "Excludable-No", Uncertain-Maybe" and "Reasons for Inclusion/Exclusion") will be developed and practiced for systematic selection of the studies. The completed search will take about one month and therefore will be planned to start on January 8, 2021, and end on February 8, 2021." were added for providing more information of search and selection processes.Line number-179 (Table.1. Search Strategy)"Duration (PA), Frequency (PA), Intensity (PA) and Types (PA)" were added under the column of Physical Activity for application of detailed search.Line number- 216 (Limitations of the study design)"bias" was corrected by "biases" for grammar correctness.PRISMA checklistIn the connection with previous email, we uploaded the “PRISMA checklist” in this time. However, we had already uploaded the PRISMA-P checklist (S1 file) and I think it is entitled for the study protocol. May I upload both files if you don’t mind.Submitted filename: Respnose to reviewers.docxClick here for additional data file.1 Apr 2022
PONE-D-21-40766R1
Changes in physical activity, dietary and sleeping pattern among the general population in COVID-19 : A systematic review protocol
PLOS ONE
Dear Dr. Soe,Thank you for submitting your manuscript to PLOS ONE. After careful consideration, we feel that it has merit but does not fully meet PLOS ONE’s publication criteria as it currently stands. Therefore, we invite you to submit a revised version of the manuscript that addresses the points raised during the review process.Please include all references that the auditor has indicated to you.Please submit your revised manuscript by May 16 2022 11:59PM. If you will need more time than this to complete your revisions, please reply to this message or contact the journal office at plosone@plos.org. When you're ready to submit your revision, log on to https://www.editorialmanager.com/pone/ and select the 'Submissions Needing Revision' folder to locate your manuscript file.Please include the following items when submitting your revised manuscript:
If you would like to make changes to your financial disclosure, please include your updated statement in your cover letter. Guidelines for resubmitting your figure files are available below the reviewer comments at the end of this letter.
A rebuttal letter that responds to each point raised by the academic editor and reviewer(s). You should upload this letter as a separate file labeled 'Response to Reviewers'.A marked-up copy of your manuscript that highlights changes made to the original version. You should upload this as a separate file labeled 'Revised Manuscript with Track Changes'.An unmarked version of your revised paper without tracked changes. You should upload this as a separate file labeled 'Manuscript'.If applicable, we recommend that you deposit your laboratory protocols in protocols.io to enhance the reproducibility of your results. Protocols.io assigns your protocol its own identifier (DOI) so that it can be cited independently in the future. For instructions see: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/s/submission-guidelines#loc-laboratory-protocols. Additionally, PLOS ONE offers an option for publishing peer-reviewed Lab Protocol articles, which describe protocols hosted on protocols.io. Read more information on sharing protocols at https://plos.org/protocols?utm_medium=editorial-email&utm_source=authorletters&utm_campaign=protocols.We look forward to receiving your revised manuscript.Kind regards,Luigi LavorgnaAcademic EditorPLOS ONE
Journal Requirements:Please review your reference list to ensure that it is complete and correct. If you have cited papers that have been retracted, please include the rationale for doing so in the manuscript text, or remove these references and replace them with relevant current references. Any changes to the reference list should be mentioned in the rebuttal letter that accompanies your revised manuscript. If you need to cite a retracted article, indicate the article’s retracted status in the References list and also include a citation and full reference for the retraction notice.[Note: HTML markup is below. Please do not edit.]Reviewers' comments:[NOTE: If reviewer comments were submitted as an attachment file, they will be attached to this email and accessible via the submission site. Please log into your account, locate the manuscript record, and check for the action link "View Attachments". If this link does not appear, there are no attachment files.]While revising your submission, please upload your figure files to the Preflight Analysis and Conversion Engine (PACE) digital diagnostic tool, https://pacev2.apexcovantage.com/. PACE helps ensure that figures meet PLOS requirements. To use PACE, you must first register as a user. Registration is free. Then, login and navigate to the UPLOAD tab, where you will find detailed instructions on how to use the tool. If you encounter any issues or have any questions when using PACE, please email PLOS at figures@plos.org. Please note that Supporting Information files do not need this step.
12 May 2022List of Amendments1. Line 49-51 (Introduction)“that can transform the different forms of variants: Alpha-B.1.1.7, Beta-B.1.351, Gamma-P.1, Delta-B.1.617.2 and Omicron-BA.1 or BA.2 [1]. Its infectivity“ was added and Citation [1] was newly added.2. Line 52 (Introduction)Citation number was changed from [1-3] to [2-4].3. Line 54 (Introduction)Citation number was changed from [4] to [5].4. Line 54-57 (Introduction)"This mandatory self-isolation may affect people’s physical and mental health" were was substituted by "since lifting the strategic restrictions has some important advantages such as limiting the spread of the Covid-19 virus, enhancing more preparation time for the preventive strategies and avoiding the new peak of the Covid019 outbreak [6]. However, these restriction measures are mandatory". Citation number [6] was newly added.5. Line 59 (Introduction) (Reviewer #1’s comment)Citation number was changed from [5-8] to [7-12] and citation number [11] and [12] was newly added to provide evidence for relevant information.6. Line number- 60 (Introduction)"may give rise" was changed to "gave rise" for correction.7. Line number- 61 (Introduction)"the physically active people may decrease their activity" was changed to "the physically active people decreased their activity " for correction.8. Line number- 61-62 (Introduction)"may not be likely to increase their daily PA" was changed to "were not likely to increase their daily PA" for correction.9. Line number- 62 (Introduction)"prolonged homestay may decrease the amount of daily PA performed" was changed to " prolonged homestay decreased the amount of daily PA performed " for correction.10. Line 62 (Introduction)Citation number was changed from [8,9] to [10,13].11. Line 63 (Introduction)Citation number was changed from [10] to [14].12. Line 65 (Introduction)Citation number was changed from [11] to [15].13. Line 67 (Introduction)Citation number was changed from [4,12] to [5,16].14. Line 71 (Introduction)Citation number was changed from [13,14] to [17,18].15. Line 74 (Introduction)Citation number was changed from [15] to [19].16. Line 74 - 76 (Introduction) (Reviewer #1’s comment)‘The studies revealed that PA decreased although eating pattern was healthy [11] while those who adopted unhealthy lifestyle encountered the lower sleep quality [12].’ was newly added and the citation number [11] and [12] was also newly cited.17. Line 78 (Introduction)Citation number was changed from [13] to [17].18. Line 80 (Introduction)Citation number was changed from [4] to [5].19. Line 81 (Introduction)Citation number was changed from [16] to [20].20. Line 89 (Introduction)Citation number was changed from [17] to [21].21. Line 122 (Materials and Methods)Citation number was changed from [3,17] to [4,21].22. Line 131 (Materials and Methods)Citation number was changed from [18] to [22].23. Line 131 (Materials and Methods)Citation number was changed from [19] to [23].24. Line 204 (Risk of bias (quality) assessment)Citation number was changed from [20] to [24].25. Line number- 248-249 (References)The following reference was added.1. Genomic Epidemiology of hCov-19 [Internet]. GISAID - Initiative. 2022 [cited 2022 Apr 30]. Available from: https://www.gisaid.org/26. Line number- 263-266 (References)The following reference was added.6. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Herd immunity, lockdowns and COVID-19 [Internet]. WHO | World Health Organization. [cited 2022 Apr 30]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/herd-immunity-lockdowns-and-covid-1927. According to reviewer #1, Durucan et al. 2022 [10.1097/MRR.0000000000000519]; Cunha et al. 2021 [10.1016/j.numecd.2021.12.019]; Carotenuto et al. 2021 [10.3390/jcm10061234]; Beydoun et al. 2022 [10.1093/gerona/glac028]; Bruno et al. 2022 [10.1016/j.sleep.2022.01.002] were suggested to investigate how COVID-19-related restrictions impacted on sleep quality, physical exercise and dietary pattern.We had cited both Cunha et al. 2021 [10.1016/j.numecd.2021.12.019] and Bruno et al. 2022 [10.1016/j.sleep.2022.01.002] in the manuscript, however, the rest articles were left with the reason of unaligned study population (patients).Submitted filename: Response to reviewers.docxClick here for additional data file.17 May 2022Changes in physical activity, dietary and sleeping pattern among the general population in COVID-19 : A systematic review protocolPONE-D-21-40766R2We’re pleased to inform you that your manuscript has been judged scientifically suitable for publication and will be formally accepted for publication once it meets all outstanding technical requirements.Within one week, you’ll receive an e-mail detailing the required amendments. When these have been addressed, you’ll receive a formal acceptance letter and your manuscript will be scheduled for publication.An invoice for payment will follow shortly after the formal acceptance. To ensure an efficient process, please log into Editorial Manager at http://www.editorialmanager.com/pone/, click the 'Update My Information' link at the top of the page, and double check that your user information is up-to-date. If you have any billing related questions, please contact our Author Billing department directly at authorbilling@plos.org.If your institution or institutions have a press office, please notify them about your upcoming paper to help maximize its impact. If they’ll be preparing press materials, please inform our press team as soon as possible -- no later than 48 hours after receiving the formal acceptance. Your manuscript will remain under strict press embargo until 2 pm Eastern Time on the date of publication. For more information, please contact onepress@plos.org.Kind regards,Luigi LavorgnaAcademic EditorPLOS ONEAdditional Editor Comments (optional):Reviewers' comments:25 May 2022PONE-D-21-40766R2Changes in physical activity, dietary and sleeping pattern among the general population in COVID-19: A systematic review protocolDear Dr. Soe:I'm pleased to inform you that your manuscript has been deemed suitable for publication in PLOS ONE. Congratulations! Your manuscript is now with our production department.If your institution or institutions have a press office, please let them know about your upcoming paper now to help maximize its impact. If they'll be preparing press materials, please inform our press team within the next 48 hours. Your manuscript will remain under strict press embargo until 2 pm Eastern Time on the date of publication. For more information please contact onepress@plos.org.If we can help with anything else, please email us at plosone@plos.org.Thank you for submitting your work to PLOS ONE and supporting open access.Kind regards,PLOS ONE Editorial Office Staffon behalf ofDr. Luigi LavorgnaAcademic EditorPLOS ONE
Authors: S Bruno; A Bazzani; S Marantonio; F Cruz-Sanabria; D Benedetti; P Frumento; G Turchetti; U Faraguna Journal: Sleep Med Date: 2022-01-11 Impact factor: 3.492