Jonathan A Williams1, Carmen Huesa2, Mikael J Turunen3, James A Oo4,5, Oskars Radzins6,7, Wilf Gardner4, James F C Windmill8, Hanna Isaksson9, K Elizabeth Tanner6,10,11, John S Riddell4, Sylvie Coupaud1. 1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wolfson Building, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK. 2. Centre for Musculoskeletal Science, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK. 3. Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. 4. Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK. 5. Now at Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. 6. Biomedical Engineering Division, James Watt School of Engineering, James Watt South Building University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. 7. Now at Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Stomatology, Riga Stradins University, Latvia. 8. Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Royal College Building, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK. 9. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Sweden. 10. Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopedics, Sweden. 11. Now at School of Engineering and Materials Science and Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, UK.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Characterise the spatiotemporal trabecular and cortical bone responses to complete spinal cord injury (SCI) in young rats. METHODS: 8-week-old male Wistar rats received T9-transection SCI and were euthanised 2-, 6-, 10- or 16-weeks post-surgery. Outcome measures were assessed using micro-computed tomography, mechanical testing, serum markers and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. RESULTS: The trabecular and cortical bone responses to SCI are site-specific. Metaphyseal trabecular BV/TV was 59% lower, characterised by fewer and thinner trabeculae at 2-weeks post-SCI, while epiphyseal BV/TV was 23% lower with maintained connectivity. At later-time points, metaphyseal BV/TV remained unchanged, while epiphyseal BV/TV increased. The total area of metaphyseal and mid-diaphyseal cortical bone were lower from 2-weeks and between 6- and 10-weeks post-SCI, respectively. This suggested that SCI-induced bone changes observed in the rat model were not solely attributable to bone loss, but also to suppressed bone growth. No tissue mineral density differences were observed at any time-point, suggesting that decreased whole-bone mechanical properties were primarily the result of changes to the spatial distribution of bone. CONCLUSION: Young SCI rat trabecular bone changes resemble those observed clinically in adult and paediatric SCI, while cortical bone changes resemble paediatric SCI only.
OBJECTIVE: Characterise the spatiotemporal trabecular and cortical bone responses to complete spinal cord injury (SCI) in young rats. METHODS: 8-week-old male Wistar rats received T9-transection SCI and were euthanised 2-, 6-, 10- or 16-weeks post-surgery. Outcome measures were assessed using micro-computed tomography, mechanical testing, serum markers and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. RESULTS: The trabecular and cortical bone responses to SCI are site-specific. Metaphyseal trabecular BV/TV was 59% lower, characterised by fewer and thinner trabeculae at 2-weeks post-SCI, while epiphyseal BV/TV was 23% lower with maintained connectivity. At later-time points, metaphyseal BV/TV remained unchanged, while epiphyseal BV/TV increased. The total area of metaphyseal and mid-diaphyseal cortical bone were lower from 2-weeks and between 6- and 10-weeks post-SCI, respectively. This suggested that SCI-induced bone changes observed in the rat model were not solely attributable to bone loss, but also to suppressed bone growth. No tissue mineral density differences were observed at any time-point, suggesting that decreased whole-bone mechanical properties were primarily the result of changes to the spatial distribution of bone. CONCLUSION: Young SCI rat trabecular bone changes resemble those observed clinically in adult and paediatric SCI, while cortical bone changes resemble paediatric SCI only.
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