| Literature DB >> 35616198 |
Hongbin Xu1, Shenping Zhang1, Ruyun DU1, Jing Zhou1, Shiyu Weng1.
Abstract
A novel method based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Orbitrap HRMS) was developed for the rapid screening and confirmation of 32 illegally added drugs in slimming and anti-impotence health foods. In addition, the key points of the database establishment and application are summarized. This research focused on the derivatives of illegally added drugs. An HRMS database was established by comparing the response intensity of each compound in the positive and negative modes. The experimental conditions such as the type of extraction solvent and chromatographic column temperature were explored in detail. The analytes were separated on a Hypersil gold vanquish column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.9 μm) by gradient elution with acetonitrile/water (containing 0.1%(v/v) formic acid) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. Positive and negative ion full scanning/data-dependent secondary scanning mode was used to collect the 32 target compounds within 17 min, and TraceFinder software was used to screen the fragment ions. All the 32 compounds could be well separated within 17 min. The measured and theoretical values of the exact mass of the 32 compounds in the two matrix-spiked solutions were within an error of 5×10-6, and the MS2 fragment ions were within an error of 1×10-5. All the compounds showed an excellent linear relationship, with correlation coefficients (r2) above 0.99. Except dapoxetine, hydroxythiohomo sildenafil, thiohomo sildenafil, thiosildenafil, desmethyl thiosildenafil, the recoveries ranged from 50.5% to 84.5% in the solid matrix, with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranging from 1.2% to 13%. The recoveries were 60.4% to 109.3% in the liquid matrix, with the RSDs ranging from 0.77% to 8.2%. The matrix effect (ME) values of the 32 compounds ranged from 0.61 to 0.95 in the solid matrix and from 0.73 to 1.09 in the liquid matrix. Thiohomo sildenafil, desmethyl thiosildenafil, and chlorpretadalafil exhibited strong matrix inhibitory effects in the solid matrix. Therefore, solid and liquid negative matrix extracts were used to prepare a series of mixed standard solutions in order to reduce the ME values. The limits of detection (LODs) were 0.02 mg/kg for the 32 drugs in the liquid sample and 0.02 mg/kg for 29 compounds in the solid sample; the LODs for chlorothalidone, udenafil, and desmethyl thiosildenafil in the solid sample were 0.04 mg/kg. When the retention time in the self-built database matches the sample collection method, it should be used as one of the screening conditions. As for the selection of the matching mode, if the identify mode is selected, the retention time is a necessary condition for compound confirmation. When the retention time does not meet the requirements, subsequent screening of the fragment ions and isotope abundance ratios will not be performed. If the confirm mode is selected, the retention time is the optional condition for compound confirmation. When the retention time does not meet these requirements, subsequent matching of other conditions such as fragment ions and isotope information is required. Isotope information is very important in HRMS and is an effective supplement to the first-order extracted mass. Therefore, its use is recommended, but the isotope abundance ratio will be even lower when the target content is very low in the complex matrix, which may affect isotope matching. In addition, if the fragment ions are not detected in the screening results of the TraceFinder software but can be extracted in the data browser, their intensity threshold in the screening conditions can be further reduced to find the corresponding fragment ions. One positive sample was detected among 48 healthy food samples, with a detection rate of 2.08%. This method has the advantages of simple operation and high accuracy. It can be used for the rapid screening and confirmation of 32 illegally added drugs in slimming and anti-impotence health foods.Entities:
Keywords: health foods; high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS); illegally added drugs; rapid screening; ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)
Mesh:
Substances:
Year: 2022 PMID: 35616198 PMCID: PMC9404125 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2021.12009
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Se Pu ISSN: 1000-8713
32种化合物的UHPLC-HRMS分析参数
| No. | Compound | Formula | Measured | Fragments ( | Adduct | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | avanafil (阿伐那非) | C23H26ClN7O3 | 484.18585 | 375.12159, 233.10332 | 6.00 | [M+H]+ | |||||
| 2 | acetilacid (那非乙酰酸) | C18H20N4O4 | 357.15515 | 329.12390, 300.08511 | 6.85 | [M+H]+ | |||||
| 3 | dapoxetine (达泊西汀) | C21H23NO | 306.18439 | 261.12695, 183.08032 | 6.67 | [M+H]+ | |||||
| 4 | xanthoanthrafil (苯酰胺那非) | C19H23N3O6 | 390.16553 | 151.07516, 135.04373 | 6.95 | [M+H]+ | |||||
| 5 | piperiacetidenafil (苯噻啶红地那非) | C24H31N5O3 | 438.24939 | 297.12422, 341.16089 | 5.93 | [M+H]+ | |||||
| 6 | benzocaine (苯佐卡因) | C9H11NO2 | 166.08601 | 138.05492, 120.04429 | 6.31 | [M+H]+ | |||||
| 7 | bendroflumethiazide (苄氟噻嗪) | C15H14F3N3O4S2 | 420.03149 | 289.04599, 327.96851 | 7.13 | [M-H]- | |||||
| 8 | yohimbine (育亨宾) | C21H26N2O3 | 355.20090 | 212.12802, 144.08075 | 5.43 | [M+H]+ | |||||
| 9 | hydroxyacetildenafil (羟基红地那非) | C25H34N6O4 | 483.27103 | 297.13419, 127.08654 | 5.73 | [M+H]+ | |||||
| 10 | hydroxythiohomo sildenafil (羟基硫代豪莫西地那非) | C23H32N6O4S2 | 521.19958 | 299.09589, 327.12759 | 6.74 | [M+H]+ | |||||
| 11 | hydroxyvardenafil (羟基伐地那非) | C23H32N6O5S | 505.22235 | 344.14746, 169.09691 | 5.73 | [M+H]+ | |||||
| 12 | thiohomo sildenafil (硫代豪莫西地那非) | C23H32N6O3S2 | 505.20401 | 299.09607, 113.10741 | 6.92 | [M+H]+ | |||||
| 13 | thiosildenafil (硫代西地那非) | C22H30N6O3S2 | 491.18918 | 341.14389, 407.12027 | 6.82 | [M+H]+ | |||||
| 14 | C16H24ClN·HCl | 266.16666 | 125.01524, 139.03091 | 6.72 | [M+H]+ | ||||||
| (盐酸 | |||||||||||
| 15 | C15H22ClN·HCl | 252.15092 | 125.01521, 139.03085 | 6.69 | [M+H]+ | ||||||
| (盐酸 | |||||||||||
| 16 | chlorthalidone (氯噻酮) | C14H11CLN2O4S | 337.00583 | 146.02345, 189.97272 | 5.70 | [M-H]- | |||||
| 17 | lorcaserin (氯卡色林) | C11H14ClN | 196.08885 | 179.06218, 167.06212 | 5.52 | [M+H]+ | |||||
| 18 | hydrochlorothiazide (氢氯噻嗪) | C7H8ClN3O4S2 | 295.95804 | 268.94708, 204.98419 | 3.06 | [M-H]- | |||||
| 19 | torasemide (托拉塞米) | C16H20N4O3S | 347.11835 | 262.06564, 195.07954 | 6.04 | [M-H]- | |||||
| 20 | gendenafil (庆地那非) | C19H22N4O3 | 355.17612 | 327.14514, 285.13467 | 7.44 | [M+H]+ | |||||
| 21 | emodin (大黄素) | C15H10O5 | 269.04623 | 225.05583, 241.05090 | 8.11 | [M-H]- | |||||
| 22 | indapamide (吲达帕胺) | C16H16O3N3ClS | 366.06686 | 132.08073, 117.05728 | 6.75 | [M+H]+ | |||||
| 23 | desmethyl sildenafil (去甲基西地那非) | C21H28N6O4S | 461.19626 | 283.11868, 255.12376 | 5.97 | [M+H]+ | |||||
| 24 | desmethyl thiosildenafil (去甲基硫代西地那非) | C21H28N6O3S2 | 477.17288 | 299.09586, 315.09033 | 6.79 | [M+H]+ | |||||
| 25 | nortadalafil (去甲他达拉非) | C21H17N3O4 | 376.12857 | 262.08588, 254.09195 | 6.69 | [M+H]+ | |||||
| No. | Compound | Formula | Measured | Fragments ( | Adduct | ||||||
| 26 | C23H30N6O3 | 439.24466 | 297.13419, 313.12927 | 5.78 | [M+H]+ | ||||||
| 27 | C21H28N6O4S | 461.19577 | 344.14749, 299.11346 | 5.97 | [M+H]+ | ||||||
| 28 | rimonabant (利莫那班) | C22H21Cl3N4O | 463.08517 | 380.99548, 299.01343 | 9.08 | [M+H]+ | |||||
| 29 | lidocaine (利多卡因) | C14H22N2O | 235.18016 | 86.09662, 58.06575 | 4.33 | [M+H]+ | |||||
| 30 | chlorpretadalafil (他达拉非甲基氯化物) | C22H19ClN2O5 | 337.00583 | 146.02345, 189.97272 | 7.91 | [M+H]+ | |||||
| 31 | dimethylsildenafil (二甲基西地那非) | C23H32N6O4S | 489.22803 | 283.11920, 344.14856 | 6.14 | [M+H]+ | |||||
| 32 | udenafil (乌地那非) | C25H36N6O4S | 517.25854 | 283.11874, 299.11380 | 6.22 | [M+H]+ | |||||
图132种化合物的提取离子色谱图(加标量1.0 mg/kg)
32种化合物的线性方程、线性范围、相关系数和检出限
| No. | Compound | Solid sample | Liquid sample | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linear equation | Linear | LOD/ | Linear equation | Linear | LOD/ | ||||||
| 1 | avanafil | 5-500 | 0.9924 | 0.02 | 5-500 | 0.9941 | 0.02 | ||||
| 2 | acetilacid | 5-200 | 0.9985 | 0.02 | 5-500 | 0.9970 | 0.02 | ||||
| 3 | dapoxetine | 5-500 | 0.9972 | 0.02 | 5-500 | 0.9960 | 0.02 | ||||
| 4 | xanthoanthrafil | 5-500 | 0.9917 | 0.02 | 5-500 | 0.9977 | 0.02 | ||||
| 5 | piperiacetidenafil | 5-200 | 0.9988 | 0.02 | 5-500 | 0.9922 | 0.02 | ||||
| 6 | benzocaine | 5-200 | 0.9914 | 0.02 | 5-500 | 0.9970 | 0.02 | ||||
| 7 | bendroflumethiazide | 5-500 | 0.9943 | 0.02 | 5-500 | 0.9951 | 0.02 | ||||
| 8 | yohimbine | 5-200 | 0.9952 | 0.02 | 5-200 | 0.9982 | 0.02 | ||||
| 9 | hydroxyacetildenafil | 5-200 | 0.9983 | 0.02 | 5-200 | 0.9952 | 0.02 | ||||
| 10 | hydroxythiohomo sildenafil | 5-200 | 0.9962 | 0.02 | 5-500 | 0.9978 | 0.02 | ||||
| 11 | hydroxyvardenafil | 5-200 | 0.9976 | 0.02 | 5-200 | 0.9932 | 0.02 | ||||
| 12 | thiohomo sildenafil | 5-200 | 0.9938 | 0.02 | 5-500 | 0.9942 | 0.02 | ||||
| 13 | thiosildenafil | 5-200 | 0.9995 | 0.02 | 5-500 | 0.9943 | 0.02 | ||||
| 14 | 5-200 | 0.9975 | 0.02 | 5-200 | 0.9945 | 0.02 | |||||
| hydrochloride | |||||||||||
| 15 | 5-200 | 0.9982 | 0.02 | 5-200 | 0.9904 | 0.02 | |||||
| hydrochloride | |||||||||||
| 16 | chlorthalidone | 5-200 | 0.9966 | 0.04 | 5-500 | 0.9983 | 0.02 | ||||
| 17 | lorcaserin | 5-200 | 0.9945 | 0.02 | 5-200 | 0.9946 | 0.02 | ||||
| 18 | hydrochlorothiazide | 5-200 | 0.9997 | 0.02 | 5-200 | 0.9943 | 0.02 | ||||
| 19 | torasemide | 5-500 | 0.9983 | 0.02 | 5-500 | 0.9964 | 0.02 | ||||
| 20 | gendenafil | 5-500 | 0.9985 | 0.02 | 5-500 | 0.9949 | 0.02 | ||||
| 21 | emodin | 5-200 | 0.9916 | 0.02 | 5-200 | 0.9926 | 0.02 | ||||
| 22 | indapamide | 5-500 | 0.9921 | 0.02 | 5-500 | 0.9986 | 0.02 | ||||
| 23 | desmethyl sildenafil | 5-200 | 0.9940 | 0.02 | 5-200 | 0.9904 | 0.02 | ||||
| 24 | desmethyl thiosildenafil | 5-500 | 0.9985 | 0.04 | 5-500 | 0.9979 | 0.02 | ||||
| 25 | nortadalafil | 5-500 | 1 | 0.02 | 5-500 | 0.9974 | 0.02 | ||||
| 26 | 5-200 | 0.9983 | 0.02 | 5-200 | 0.9962 | 0.02 | |||||
| 27 | 5-200 | 0.9967 | 0.02 | 5-200 | 0.9904 | 0.02 | |||||
| 28 | rimonabant | 5-200 | 0.9953 | 0.02 | 5-200 | 0.9981 | 0.02 | ||||
| 29 | lidocaine | 5-200 | 0.9954 | 0.02 | 5-200 | 0.9929 | 0.02 | ||||
| 30 | chlorpretadalafil | 5-500 | 0.9998 | 0.02 | 5-500 | 0.9990 | 0.02 | ||||
| 31 | dimethylsildenafil | 5-200 | 0.9946 | 0.02 | 5-500 | 0.9917 | 0.02 | ||||
| 32 | udenafil | 5-200 | 0.9982 | 0.04 | 5-200 | 0.9940 | 0.02 | ||||
y: peak area; x: mass concentration, μg/L; * μg/L.
不同阴性基质中3个添加水平下的32种化合物的回收率及相对标准偏差(n=6)
| No. | Compound | Recoveries (RSDs) in solid sample/% | Recoveries (RSDs) in liquid sample/% | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.2 mg/kg | 0.6 mg/kg | 1.0 mg/kg | 0.2 mg/kg | 0.6 mg/kg | 1.0 mg/kg | ||||
| 1 | avanafil | 74.2(2.2) | 53.9(5.2) | 74.7(10) | 72.5(2.5) | 85.7(3.4) | 86.5(5.2) | ||
| 2 | acetilacid | 78.6(1.8) | 82.7(2.8) | 78.3(5.1) | 70.2(3.8) | 88.3(2.0) | 92.4(2.1) | ||
| 3 | dapoxetine | 50.5(1.5) | 36.9(3.1) | 49.9(4.1) | 71.8(2.1) | 96.1(2.0) | 96.9(3.1) | ||
| 4 | xanthoanthrafil | 69.9(4.8) | 54.5(3.7) | 75.3(4.2) | 77.6(3.4) | 98.7(2.0) | 94.4(1.2) | ||
| 5 | piperiacetidenafil | 72.7(2.0) | 76.9(2.6) | 74.6(7.8) | 88.2(4.3) | 92.1(5.0) | 94.9(6.0) | ||
| 6 | benzocaine | 84.3(12) | 73.4(5.1) | 70.0(3.0) | 78.5(6.4) | 91.2(8.2) | 109.3(5.2) | ||
| 7 | bendroflumethiazide | 77.5(4.0) | 81.2(3.2) | 73.1(3.7) | 75.0(5.3) | 84.3(2.5) | 86.3(3.6) | ||
| 8 | yohimbine | 74.3(2.4) | 77.0(3.8) | 78.7(6.0) | 66.6(2.5) | 86.7(2.7) | 94.1(2.1) | ||
| 9 | hydroxyacetildenafil | 71.6(2.9) | 76.4(3.4) | 70.4(7.4) | 62.1(3.4) | 77.1(1.5) | 83.4(2.8) | ||
| 10 | hydroxythiohomo sildenafil | 69.7(3.2) | 41.0(3.7) | 59.2(9.3) | 77.2(4.3) | 91.3(2.1) | 85.9(1.6) | ||
| 11 | hydroxyvardenafil | 67.6(3.4) | 70.9(3.4) | 67.8(8.5) | 71.2(2.9) | 82.2(1.5) | 87.7(2.9) | ||
| 12 | thiohomo sildenafil | 49.8(3.2) | 23.4(3.1) | 36.7(9.2) | 64.9(5.1) | 86.7(2.6) | 88.5(2.2) | ||
| 13 | thiosildenafil | 64.3(5.0) | 36.5(2.6) | 53.2(10) | 74.3(4.4) | 93.4(1.6) | 94.0(1.7) | ||
| 14 | 69.6(2.2) | 74.2(2.7) | 70.7(3.0) | 67.7(2.8) | 88.1(2.4) | 98.1(1.2) | |||
| 15 | 66.2(3.3) | 81.2(2.8) | 70.1(5.0) | 60.4(1.1) | 83.1(2.5) | 90.5(1.0) | |||
| 16 | chlorthalidone | 84.1(5.8) | 59.6(5.9) | 65.7(5.1) | 80.5(3.2) | 102.0(3.0) | 99.3(2.5) | ||
| 17 | lorcaserin | 72.6(2.1) | 75.8(3.6) | 74.5(5.4) | 76.0(1.6) | 88.5(1.6) | 94.4(2.1) | ||
| 18 | hydrochlorothiazide | 74.1(7.4) | 83.7(2.0) | 73.3(4.3) | 78.6(2.0) | 88.2(1.3) | 89.6(0.99) | ||
| 19 | torasemide | 78.6(5.5) | 84.5(3.8) | 77.1(5.0) | 73.3(4.5) | 93.3(3.8) | 92.1(2.3) | ||
| 20 | gendenafil | 80.3(1.2) | 54.3(3.9) | 73.5(5.5) | 85.3(3.7) | 107.3(1.2) | 100.0(2.3) | ||
| 21 | emodin | 64.5(2.4) | 73.0(3.1) | 66.7(2.4) | 81.6(4.5) | 86.8(3.0) | 90.2(2.5) | ||
| 22 | indapamide | 78.7(5.1) | 80.4(1.4) | 77.5(8.1) | 78.8(3.0) | 91.3(1.9) | 91.9(2.1) | ||
| 23 | desmethyl sildenafil | 68.5(4.5) | 74.6(3.4) | 70.5(8.4) | 74.6(2.5) | 87.2(0.77) | 90.3(2.8) | ||
| 24 | desmethyl thiosildenafil | 45.8(6.2) | 24.9(3.2) | 38.3(11) | 71.4(3.2) | 95.9(2.9) | 93.2(2.3) | ||
| 25 | nortadalafil | 69.2(13) | 71.9(5.5) | 71.9(8.6) | 68.4(7.9) | 95.0(4.7) | 91.4(3.0) | ||
| 26 | 76.4(2.6) | 78.8(1.7) | 74.2(8.2) | 76.3(3.1) | 88.0(1.2) | 91.2(1.4) | |||
| 27 | 68.5(4.5) | 74.6(3.4) | 70.5(10) | 74.6(2.5) | 87.2(0.78) | 90.2(2.8) | |||
| 28 | rimonabant | 71.7(3.6) | 72.3(1.8) | 69.3(7.1) | 91.7(1.6) | 96.1(2.1) | 99.9(3.7) | ||
| 29 | lidocaine | 75.4(1.6) | 74.7(2.9) | 75.7(7.9) | 80.0(1.4) | 89.4(2.9) | 95.5(2.4) | ||
| 30 | chlorpretadalafil | 53.7(6.3) | 72.9(5.2) | 73.5(10) | 69.5(7.5) | 79.5(2.3) | 89.8(5.7) | ||
| 31 | dimethylsildenafil | 72.2(3.7) | 54.6(2.6) | 72.2(6.2) | 79.8(5.2) | 104.1(3.4) | 97.5(2.1) | ||
| 32 | udenafil | 70.7(3.6) | 51.3(3.4) | 70.6(8.5) | 67.2(2.8) | 85.7(1.8) | 88.7(2.5) | ||
图2阳性样品中大黄素的提取离子色谱图和全扫描质谱图
图3大黄素阳性样品的二级质谱图及其TraceFinder数据库谱图